| With the increase of rural population and the advancement of agricultural production technology,a large number of surplus labors have appeared in the agricultural industry.At the same time,the advancement of urbanization and the development of industrialization have attracted surplus rural laborers to go out to work.The No.1 Central Document of 2019 also put forward the task of “promoting the transfer of employment of rural laborers”.It can be seen that the transfer of employment and income increase of rural laborers through multiple channels is an important issue of concern to the party and government.A large number of studies show that the out-employment of rural labor is not only affected by national macro policies,but also by its own human capital and social capital.In the transformed labor market,relying solely on human capital does not ensure access to employment opportunities.Social capital,as an informal system,plays an important role in the rural labor force's employment and adaptation to urban life.However,the research results at this stage pay more attention to the direct influence mechanism of social capital and human capital on the employment choice of rural laborers and ignore the interactive influence of social capital and human capital.It is rarely discussed how the two mechanisms interact in the decision-making process of rural labor,especially the relationship between the two in the choice of the distance to go out.This article adopts normative research and empirical research.Through theoretical analysis,it proves that social capital and human capital have a direct and interactive influence mechanism on rural labor's decision-making and distance to work.Using the field survey data of 717 rural laborers in Shaanxi Province,On the basis of building a social capital indicator system from the perspective of social prestige,social interaction,social reciprocity,and social trust,and building a human capital indicator system from the perspective of education,skills training,and health status,the paper uses the Probit model and the ordered Probit model to analyze the direct and interactive effects of social capital and human capital on employment choices of rural laborers.The research results found that:(1)Both social capital and human capital have a significant positive impact on the decision of rural laborers to go out to work,but there is still some heterogeneity.Social reciprocity,social prestige,and social interaction can increase the probability of rural labor going out to work,but social trust will reduce the probability of rural labor going out to work.Both education level and skill training have a significant positive impact on the decision of rural laborers to go out to work,but health status does not have a significant impact on rural laborers' decision to go out to work.(2)Social capital and human capital have an important impact on the distance of rural laborers to go out to work,but the impact is in the opposite direction.Social capital has a negative impact on the distance of rural laborers to go out to work due to the limitation of the regional "radius".Human capital has a significant positive impact on the distance of rural laborers to work outside by affecting the cultural knowledge,skills,and adaptability of rural laborers.(3)Social capital and human capital have a complementary relationship in their decision to go out to work,and there is a substitute relationship in the effect of the distance to go out to work.That is,the increase of human capital can enhance the positive effect of social capital on the decision of rural labor to go out to work,and the negative impact of social capital on the distance of rural labor is weakened by weakening the "regional radius" limit of social capital.Finally,this article puts forward countermeasures and suggestions in terms of guiding rural labor to improve social capital and human capital,making full use of the interaction mechanism between human capital and social capital,and improving employment security. |
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