The Scholar Activities Of Nazi Refugee Intellectuals In American University And Their Impacts

From 1933 to 1945,as the consequence of extreme policies launched by Nazi Regime against Jews and democrats,large amounts of intellectuals were excluded out of the sphere of Nazi Germany.Meanwhile,the United States became the main country to take in refugee intellectuals,due to the attraction of American educational and scientific prosperity and the great efforts of various American organizations to help the refugees.The refugee intellectuals carried out a lot of scholar activities,especially in the areas of academic research and academic administration.In research,they conducted frontier researches and achieved abundant research results,especially in the areas of physics,mathematics,economics and psychology,etc.;introduced new research methods and perspectives by using interdisciplinary methods and combining pure science with research and application;exploited new fields by adapting traditional knowledge to social needs and research demands in America.Besides,the German scholars also conducted many activities in academic administration.They started academic journals and magazines,such as Mathematical Reviews,which provided an important way for the spreading of relevant knowledge and the preserving of exiled literature;built academic exchange platforms,such as Cowles Commission for Research in Economics and Topology Group,which enabled exiled scholars and native talents to exchange ideas and experiences;established academic research institutions,such as Research Center for Group Dynamics and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences,which promoted refugee scholars to conduct important experiments and train students effectively.Affected by the scholar activities of German scholars,American universities experienced great development and improvement in various disciplines.The university's capacity for scientific research improved rapidly and the amount of scholars increased dramatically,which contributed a lot to the prosperity of American university during that period.