Physical Activity-related Injuries And Its Correlates And Risk Factors Of Multiple Injuries Among University Students

BackgroundSport is a healthy lifestyle,which is beneficial to personal physical and mental health.But it can also lead to injuries.Physical activity-related injuries account for a large proportion of unintentional injuries in China and some countries.University students are at high risk of injury,and are mainly injured in sports and leisure activities.In China,the incidence of sports injuries among university students is between 16.5%and 69.6%.The causes of physical activity-related injury are varied,including four inspects:individual,teacher,school and environment.Some studies have also found that there is a certain tendency to harm,which is related to gene,physiological and psychological characteristics.Different regions have different incidence and characteristics of sports injuries.This study selected university students as the research objects.To evaluate the incidence of physical activity-related injuries among university students in Shandong,investigate the associated risk factors for physical activity-related injuries among these students,and explore the risk factors for multiple injuries,we conducted this cross-sectional study.MethodsParticipants were selected by convenience sampling,including students(in grade 1 to 3)selected from 4 schools in two universities.The physical activity-related injuries of the subjects from April 2016 to March 2017 were collected.In the preliminary survey,a total of 1060 respondents were agreed to participate in this study,and 987 subjects were eventually collected with a response rate of 93.1%.Multiple injuries were defined as two or more physical activity-related injuries reported during the past one year.Students who had multiple injuries were classified as case group.By 1:4 matched,the controls were selected randomly in the non-injury students with the same grade and the same gender with the cases.We also matched whether they were athletes.Students were asked whether they had physical activity-related injuries in the last one year.If someone had been injured,details of the number,location,cause and consequences of the events were asked.The questionnaire also included demographic and socioeconomic characteristics,physical activity habits,safety awareness and safety education about physical activity and the Risk Behavior Scale.SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze the data.SAS 9.0 was used for 1:4 matching in the case-control study.Descriptive analysis used F test or t test,Chi-square test or Fisher's exact probability method to compare the differences of variables between different groups.Unconditional logistic regression analysis was conducted for examining the related factors of physical activity-related injury,and the conditional logistic regression analysis was used for exploring the related factors of multiple physical activity-related injuries.ResultsThe percentage of university students reporting one or more physical activity-related injuries within the past 12 months was 10.6%(n=105)for all students.There were 39 men,accounting for 37.1%,and women accounted for 62.9%.The average age of students with physical activity-related injuries was younger than that of non-injured students.There was a downward trend of incidence of physical activity-related injuries with age.Male had higher injury rate than the female.Injury occurred mainly in March,September and October.73.8%of the damage occurred in school.Outdoor injuries accounted for 82.7%of the total.The causes of physical activity-related injuries were mainly falls(33.3%),followed by excessive use injury(20.8%)and collision with others(19.6%).The greatest proportion of injuries occurred in basketball,running,soccer and badminton.The main damage area of physical activity was lower limbs,accounting for 80.4%.The damage type was mainly joint or ligament injury,accounting for 48.2%of the total number.Of all injuries,23.2%accepted the first aid,66.7%can't participate in physical activity.66.7%resulted in absence from school class and 79.8%is fully recovered.There were statistic differences between physical activity-related injured students and non-injured students in gender,age,computer use time,cellphone use time,participation in sports/dance clubs,participation in basketball,football,volleyball,exercise time from Monday to Friday and Saturday to Sunday,wearing the appropriate shoes,clothing or facilities,simple treatment after an injury,obtaining safety knowledge through television,network and other media,educated level of father and mother and working condition of them.Unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that sports/dance clubs participation(OR=2.23,95%CI:1.42-3.51),basketball(OR=2.11 95%CI:1.29-3.48)and volleyball(OR=3.18,95%CI:1.47-6.88)were positively correlated with physical activity-related injuries.The doubtless attitude to simple treatment(OR=3.02,95%CI:1.61-5.56)or not(OR=2.31,95%CI:1.61-5.66)can increase risk of injuries compared to uncertain attitude to treatment.Totally,39 students were reported at least two injuries,accounting for 35.2%of all injuries.In conditional logistic regression among cases and controls,sports/dance club participation(OR=16.54,95%CI:4.39-62.27),hiking(OR=6.70,95%CI:1.43-31.42),volleyball(OR=32.90,95%CI:2.11-513.80)and simple treatment by themselves after injuries(OR=1 5.39,95%CI:1.66-142.85)were positively correlated with injury.Multiple injuries had negatively correlation with obtaining safety knowledge from the media(OR=0.16,95%CI:0.04-0.62)and longtime use of cellphones(OR=0.70,95%CI:0.55-0.90).ConclusionsIn Shandong,physical activity-related injury rate is not high among university students.The male have higher risk than the female.Most injuries occur in the fall.School is the important harm place.Pay more attention to safety of the outdoor activity and ball games.Lower limbs are vulnerable.The prognosis of physical activity-related injury is good in university students.Several factors increase physical activity-related injuries in university students.The influencing factors of multiple injuries are similar to those of the injury,except the type of activity.The differences between them prompt that accident prone of injury may correlate with activity type,providing clues for further research and prevention.The prevention of physical activity-related injury should be carried out in many aspects.Individuals,teachers and schools should promptly adopt preventive measures aimed at preventing and controlling morbidity due to activity injury,especially among university students.Parents are the best teachers for children.We also should attach great importance to the parents' impact on children.