Research On The Relationship Among Caregiver Parenting Style,gratitude And Learning Engagement Of Left Behind Junior Middle School Students

With the development of the socialist modernization of our country,a large number of rural young people flow to the cities.Because of the restrictions of various conditions,they are forced to leave their children in their hometown.These children become the left-behind children who are taken care of by parental unilateral,grandparents or other relatives.As is known to all,the parenting style plays a very important role in a child's healthy growth.Especially,the junior middle school stage is the beginning of puberty,and it is an important period of rapid development of self-awareness in that physical and psychological changes overlap,so that this stage of children have some remarkable features.However,because the left behind junior middle school students do not live together with their parents for a long time,they can not get enough care and education from their parents.Instead,they are brought up by many types of caregivers.The rearing patterns of these caregivers are bound to be quite different from those of parenting styles,which are the key factors that cause the group problems of the left behind junior middle school students.How to overcome the problems existing in the caregiver's parenting styles of the left behind junior middle school students,and let them grow up as happily and healthily as normal children,and this has evoked the whole society's close attention.This study selected left behind junior middle school students such research groups,which aimed at randomly selected 752 junior middle school students of grade 7-9 from two rural middle schools in a certain city of Hunan Province and based on ‘The questionnaire for left-behind children's caregiver parenting style”,“The gratitude questionnaire for junior middle school students” and “The scale of learning engagement”.This research aimed at investigating the status quo of the caregivers' parenting style,gratitude level and learning engagement,analysing the relationship between them and discussing the mediating role of gratitude in parenting style and learning engagement.The main results are as follows:1.There are significant differences between the protective interference and psychological care factors of the caregivers' parenting style.The protective interference and psychological care of non left behind junior middle school students are significantly higher than those of left behind junior middle school students.However,there are no significant differences in the other factors of the caregivers' parenting style and the dimensions of gratitude and learning engagement.2.The caregivers of left behind middle school students basically adopt positive parenting styles.The left behind junior middle school students of different gender have no significant differences in the dimensions of parenting styles.Left behind middle school students with single parent care and grandparents' care show marginal significant differences in the two dimensions of refusal and severe punishment,and the left behind junior middle schoolstudents with single parent care scored slightly lower than those of their grandparents.3.In the two dimensions of the character orientation and moral orientation of the gratitude,the female students are significantly higher than the male students,and in each dimension of the gratitude,there is no significant difference between the single parent care and the grandparents care in left behind junior middle school students.4.The total score and concentration dimension of the female students in learning engagement are significantly higher than those of the male students,and the scores of each dimension of learning engagement of the left behind middle school students with grandparents' care are higher than that of the single parent care students,but the difference is not significant.5.The gratitude is closely related to the dimensions of the caregiver's parenting styles,which is positively related to psychological care,material care and protective interference,and negatively related to refusal,severe punishment and preference.6.The learning engagement is significantly positively related to psychological care,material care and protective interference of the caregiver's parenting styles while it is negatively related to refusal,preference and severe punishment,but this is not significant.7.The gratitude is significantly positively related to learning engagement.8.The gratitude plays an absolute mediating role in the relationship between material care factor of the caregiver's parenting styles and learning engagement while it plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between psychological care,material care and protective interference factors of the caregiver's parenting styles and learning engagement.The ratio of the mediating effects to total effects is 62% and 39%,respectively.The results of this study reveal that the caregiver's parenting styles of the left behind junior middle school students has a direct impact on the learning engagement,and indirectly affects the learning engagement through gratitude as an intermediary.Therefore,it is an effective way to promote the learning engagement of the left behind junior middle school students and thus improve the quality of rural education by guiding caregivers to adopt a positive parenting style.