| The electric industry has been supporting the development of national economy and providing a solid foundation for the progress of modern society and the stability of people’s livelihood. However, because of a large amount of consumption of coal resources of the electric industry, it has become the culprit of environment pollution. Although government has carried out a series of reform measures, the "high input, low output", "high price, low efficiency", "high pollution" and so on, remain as series of serious problems. Undoubtedly, it is the only way to solve this problem via improving the environmental technical efficiency of electric industry. This paper measures the environmental technical efficiency of electric industry in our country based on 30 provincial panel data in China from 1995 to 2014. Then, using a Tobit model explores the impact factors of environment technical efficiency of the electricity industry and reasonably interprets the empirical results. On the basis of results, policy recommendations are given to try to provide the reference for the further reform of electric industry.Firstly, this paper introduces the research background and significance of environmental technical efficiency of the electric industry, reviews the study of the environment technical efficiency of the electric industry at home and abroad and introduces the concept and the measure methods:NSBM of the technical efficiency.Secondly, this paper is based on 30 provincial panel data in china from 1995 to 2014, using NSBM model measures environmental technical efficiency from China’s total electric industry, power generation sector and power network. On the whole, it turned out that the environment technical efficiency of the electric industry is still at a low level. Specifically, the mean of the integrated environment technical efficiency is lowest, followed by pure technical efficiency, the mean of scale efficiency is the highest. Regionally, there are obvious differences in the environmental technical efficiency in different areas. Power generation sector of the environmental technical efficiency is relatively low in the area in China where coal resources are rich. Therefore, it is likely to exist the phenomenon of resources abuse and excessive discharge in the power generation sector in these areas.Thirdly, this paper builds a panel model (Tobit) and analyzes factors affecting China’s total electric industry, the power generation sector and power network. The regression results show that it present a "U" type features between the level of industrialization and the overall environmental technical efficiency of the electric industry. It also present "U" shaped relationship between environmental technical efficiency and power self-sufficiency rate of power generation sector of the electric industry. It shows an inverted "U" shaped relationship between environmental technical efficiency and the proportion of state-owned property of power generation sector. It shows an inverted "U" shaped relationship between environmental technical efficiency and power self-sufficiency rate of power network of the electric industry. It present a "U" type features between environmental technical efficiency and the level of industrialization of power network of the electric industry.The reform in 1998 detached government from enterprises and the other reform in 2002 detached power from grid. These which affect environmental technical efficiency of three aspects were significantly different.Finally, on the basis of empirical analysis, this paper gives the relevant recommendations about how to enhance the environmental technical efficiency of the electric industry:(1) continue to deepen the reform of the electric industry and introduce non-state investors to diversify the investment channels; (2) take advantage of economies of scale, to make the electric industry1 bigger and stronger and enhance environmental technical efficiency on the basis of scale; (3) pay attention to learning effect, narrowing the technical management gap between the enterprises in other regions and the eastern region in China; (4) focus on transformation of management pattern and integration of cutting-edge technology and the talent; (5) at a higher level to grasp the overall electricity production linkage effects between various regions and to establish pollution compensation mechanism; (6) to deepen reform, detaching electric power transport from rationing. Let the market mechanism to play a full role in promoting fair competition and a healthy and coordinated development in electric industry. |
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