A Study Of Tourism Development On Rural Communities And Farmers Livelihoods Impact

The vigorous development of rural tourism had a multiplicity and comprehensive effect to tourism communities and local farmers.Community is the carrier of rural tourism, farmers are the main body of rural tourism, and therefore it's essential to discuss the influence of rural tourism development in an all-round way.This paper selects three different types rural tourism community of Shaanxi as the research object, using farmer field survey data and interview data and the local community's social and economic statistical data, analyzes the effects of rural tourism from the macro and micro scale respectively.The following is the basic conclusions:(1)Although the three communities formed the different mode of tourism development based on its tourism resources, location conditions, macro policies, the differences of economic and historical conditions, the impact of rural tourism development on, the community mainly reflects in:?The changes of population structure, including the changes of the professional structure, sex structure and the degree of culture.Rural tourism development has promoted the farmers of the three communities from farming or working oriented to tourism oriented; the local community sex ratio come to balance;and increases the farmer's overall culture level.?The changes of economic structure.The farmers'income of the three communities has increased in different degree and the industrial structure has changed.Among them, Shangwang Village has changed from primary industry to the tertiary industry; Yuanjia Village from the second industry to tertiary industry;Qinyong Village divided into the secondary industry and tertiary industry from primary industry.?The changes of social culture.Rural tourism has promoted the revival of local folk culture, strengthened the fusion of traditional culture and modern civilization, and stimulated the farmers to improve the level of culture continuously.?The changes of life style and ideology.Rural tourism has accelerated the life rhythm of the farmers, and prompted farmers' germination from the traditional agriculture to the new business.(2)The rural tourism impact on farmers livelihood mainly reflected in farmers livelihood strategies and changes of farmers' livelihood capital.Under the disturbance of the tourism development, farmers'overall characteristics has changed, and divided into three types,that is the engaged in tourism, leading of tourism, tourist specializes based on their attributes differentiation.?The livelihood strategies:under the influence of rural tourism,the transformation of farmers' livelihood strategy mainly is the change of farmers'livelihood combinations and the farmers livelihood diversity index is not very high compared with before.?The livelihood capital:farmers livelihood capital of the three communities exists obvious regional differences and individual differences.From the regional differences, Yuanjia Village livelihoods are of the highest total cost of the capital before and after the tourism development, the Shangwang Village and Qinyong Village's livelihood capital are almost the same.The natural capital in the three communities have fallen sharply, physical capital and financial capital increased in different degrees after tourism development of the three communities.From individual differences, the total cost of the capital of Shangwang Village has increased while Yuanjia Village and Qinyong Village have reduced.?Through Multinomial Logistic Regression Model to analyze the relationship between the livelihood capital and the farmer's livelihood strategies and concluded that the farmer's physical capital, human capital, financial capital, social capital are all important to farmers'strategy choice.The most significant factors including total building area, family labor ability, family size, family income, types of income sources, skills training, social network support, social connection degree and so on, the influence of different variables on the livelihood strategies is different.? Farmers awareness of living changes have regional differences and individual differences.From regional differences, Yuanjia Village farmers life satisfaction is the highest, Qinyong Village is the lowest, Shangwang Village is the middle.From individual differences, leading farmers and tourism professional farmers are higher than farmers engaged in tourism type, and the tourism leading farmers satisfaction is the highest.(3)?Farmers perception of tourism impact is mainly manifested in such aspects as economy, society and environment, and with regional differences and individual differences.From the regional differences,Yuanjia Village's perception of total average is higher than Shangwang Village, and Shangwang Village is higher than Qinyong Village.From individual differences, three communities perception of each index are not identical, but the item "tourism enhanced neighborhood" is the lowest in 13.From the farmers attitude on tourism development, the enthusiasm of farmers of the three communities generally are high.?Using grey correlation analysis to analyze the influence factors of farmers'tourism perception and attitude, the conclusion is that the four indicators which measuring the basic features of farmers all have strong correlation (R> 0.75)with farmers tourism perception.Among them, the degree of culture is the strongest factors in the demographic characteristics, followed by gender, age, profession.Regarding farmers household capital, financial capital, human capital and material capital are the main factors which influence the farmers tourism perception, and natural capital, social capital are of weak correlation with farmers tourism perception.