Research On Agricultural Ecological Compensation Based On Ecosystem Services

Ecological compensation as an effective economic means to solve the problem of ecological environment protection,through reestablishment the contractual relationship between the relevant subjects,distribute theinterests and risk,and get the wide attention of the whole society.Agricultural ecosystem contributes a great value of ecological service to human production and life,but only a few of the economic values of agricultural products are paid to farmers through the market,damage the interests of farmers,decrease comparative effectiveness of agriculture,not conducive to ecological protection.The study of agricultural ecological compensation is the realistic demand for agricultural ecological safety and sustainable development of agricultural ecology.In 1930s,the research and practical exploration of agricultural ecological compensation have been carried out in abroad.The research shows that a reasonable agricultural ecological compensation can stimulate farmers,make up the cost of farmers' participation,and the agricultural ecological compensation has become a hot research topic in ecological compensation field.At present,there are few studies on agricultural ecological compensation in China,just in its early phase,and has not yet formed a complete and mature theoretical system.Research on agricultural ecological compensationhas have an important scientific significance to perfect the agricultural ecological compensation system in China.The value of agricultural ecosystem services includes market value and non market value.The evaluation of agricultural ecological compensation standards based on ecosystem services can fully reflect the value of agricultural ecosystem services.Therefore,from the perspective of ecosystem service value,we set up a calculation model of agricultural eco-compensation standard,is reference for formulating reasonable ecological compensation standard.Based on theory of geography,ecology,economics and other related theories,this paper took the agro-ecosystem of Xi'an Metropolitan as the study object,through questionnaire and interview survey,analyzed the current situation of agricultural ecological compensation and the influencing factors of farmers' willingness to pay for ecological compensation;Structure the evaluation index system and calculation model of agricultural ecosystem servicesd and agricultural input,based on the 30m×30m spatial scale measurement,analysis of agricultural ecosystem services and agricultural input cost value and spatial distribution characteristics;on this basis,According to the level of regional economic development,priority is given to agricultural ecological compensation in Xi'an metropolitan zone,and the agricultural ecological compensation standards of different levels of different priority regions are calculated,and the basic framework of urban agricultural ecological compensation is constructed.According to the current situation of agricultural ecological compensation,some suggestions are given,and build the standard and basic framework of agricultural ecological compensation in the metropolitan area,to provide reference for the ecological compensation in Guanzhong agriculture,carry out ecological compensation work more scientifically and efficiently,and maintain the sustainable development of regional ecology.The main conclusions of the study are as follows:(1)In 2016,the total value of agricultural ecosystem services in Xi'anmetropolitan area was 338.08 × 108 yuan,and the total value of agricultural input was137.24 × 108 yuan.In all landscape types,the contribution rate of ecosystem services to woodland is the largest,which is 48.62%,the smallest is grassland,and farmland and garden area account for 95.64%of agricultural input,of which the largest cultivated land and second garden.The second is woodland,water and grassland.The economic production function of ecosystem service value is highest,followed by the social security function,environment purification,water conservation and recreation accounted for minimum;human resource investment in agricultural inputs in the highest proportion,followed by chemical fertilizer,water resource input,finally is pesticide and seedeinput.(2)There are different spatial distribution patterns for agricultural ecosystem services and agricultural input factors.The high value area of agro-ecosystem services is located the south plain of the study area,and the low value area is located in the southern Qinling Mountains forest area.In the northern part of the study area,Liquan and Lintong are the high value areas of agricultural total input,the southern Qinling Mountains area and the northern part of Liquan County,low land reclamation rate and low agricultural production,is the low value area.(3)The farmers' cognitive for ecological compensation is weak,only 19.2%of the farmers are aware of the ecological compensation.Farmers' willingness to compensate for agricultural ecosystem is well,and the way of compensation tends to be directly or indirectly compensated by the government.The compensation standard is mostly tend to 300-600 yuan/year/mu.The factors that affect farmers' ecological compensation are mainly education,annual income per capita,environmental impact,ecological compensation and willingness to pay for the environment.(4)The standard of agro-ecological compensation based on ecosystem services:the average compensation standards for woodland,garden,arable land,water and grassland are respectively from the basic level to the improvement level were:I priority areas:0.78×10~4 yuan/ha,2.76×10~4 yuan/ha,3.08×10~4yuan/ha,1.15×10~4yuan/ha,0.74×10~4 yuan/ha.? priorityareas:0.79×10~4yuan/ha,2.13×10~4yuan/ha,1.84×10~4yuan/ha,1.35×10~4yuan/ha,0.57×10~4yuan/ha.? priority areas:0.37x 104yuan/ha,2.05 × 1 04yuan/ha,1.51 ×10~4yuan/ha,0.72×10~4yuan/ha,0.58 × 1 04yuan/ha.The agricultural ecological compensation standard of Xi'an metropolitan,based on the ecological compensation willingness of the sample farmers,is 1759.55 yuan/ha.(5)The basic framework of agricultural ecological compensation mode in Xi'an metropolitan area was constructed.,including the government,enterprises,residents and other ecological system breakers,compensation for farmers,government and other ecological protectors and managers through technical guidance,cash subsidies,policy preferences etc.And based on the current situation of agricultural ecological compensation,we put forward agricultural ecological supplement from increasing publicity,raising the cognition level of farmers' compensation,improving rural infrastructure construction,improving rural infrastructure,improving rural residential environment and industrial integration,improving agricultural comparative efficiency,establishing perfect legislation,and standardizing legal relations in supervision system,to promote the implementation of agricultural ecological compensation work.