| The dry tuber of Corydalis yanhusuo W.T.Wang is famous "Zhe ba wei" and is one of the medicinal materials in common use.Research has found that Corydalis yanhusuo has wide clinic application and benzylisoquinoline alkaloids(eg.protopine,coptisine hydrochloride,palmatine chloride,berberine,dehydrocorydaline and tetrahydropalmatine)in Corydalis yanhusuo is mainly used for analgesia,sedation,hypnosis and anti arrhythmia.In addition,nucleosides,such as adenosine,uridine,guanosine,cytidine,thymidine and 2’-deoxyadenosine are antineoplastic,antiviral and liver protecting,with uridine,guanosine and adenosine contents being higher in Corydalis yanhusuo.There are serious problems in the cultivation of artificial domestication of Corydalis yanhusuo,unclear provenance,deterioration of variety,high incidence of diseases caused by pests and traditional cultivation mode,result in a diminished output,declines the quality and successive cropping obstacle,imposing restrictions on the sustainable development of artificial cultivation of Corydalis yanhusuo.Therefore,in this study,introduction experiment of nine batches Corydalis yanhusuo samples from main producing areas was conducted,using modern medicinal plants cultivation techniques combined with theories and techniques of traditional soil science,ecology,plant nutrition and pharmaceutical analysis,in connection with ecological environment-germplasm resources-medicinal materials quality-chemical fingerprint,then in genuine producing area of Chongqing,excellent quality,high yield,stable and ecological germplasm resources of Corydalis yanhusuo were filtered by the method combining traditional biology morphological characteristics to modern pharmaceutical analysis.Considering the Corydalis yanhusuo secondary metabolites,after the deep analysis of the relation between physical and chemical properties of soil,available nutrient factor and the quality of Corydalis yanhusuo,according to environmental factor(soil),series study of chemical diversity of Coiydalis yanhusuo was conducted.Analyzing the changes of physical signs,Alkaloids substances,nucleosides after introduction,in genuine producing area of Chongqing,excellent quality,high yield,stable and ecological and suitable growing in Kaizhou Chongqing germplasm resources of Corydalis yanhusuo were filtered by modern technology such as pharmaceutical research.Research results will provide theoretical foundation for a complete set of techniques of fine seedling source and standardized ecological cultivation,with a demonstration and guidance significance for other genuine medicinal materials of Chongqing and they will produce good social,ecological and economic benefits.The main research results are as follows:1)To conduct a common garden experiment,nine batches of Corydalis yanhusuo in places such as Jiuling village Dade town Kaizhou Chongqing were introduced to Tianxin village Wuqiao Wanzhou Chongqing and Sili village Tanjia town Kaizhou Chongqing,respectively.Corydalis yanhusuo’s chemical fingerprint chromatography and chemical diversity evaluation system combining with quantitative analysis of seven main alkaloids(protopine,coptisine hydrochloride,palmatine chloride,berberine.dehydrocorydaline,corydaline and Tetrahydropalmatine)were established by high-performance liquid chromatography and multivariate data processing method,offering technological support for subsequent research and the quality assessment of Corydalis yanhusuo.2)Analyzing 6 alkaloids(protopine,coptisine hydrochloride,palmatine chloride,berberine,dehydrocorydaline and Tetrahydropalmatine)and 3 nucleosides(uridine,guanosine and adenosine)in overground part of different germplasm Corydalis yanhusuo from Wanzhou cultivation base and in tuber of Corydalis yanhusuo from Wanzhou and Kaizhou two-year homogeneous germplasm cultivation base revealed that 6 alkaloids and 3 nucleosides all could be observed both in overground part and in tuber of Corydalis yanhusuo.This can provide a reference for subsequent research and the selection of germplasm resources.3)Analyzing physiological indexes of Corydalis yanhusuo from two-year common garden experiment revealed that introduction and cultivation of Corydalis yanhusuo of the same germplasm can’t lead to physiological indexes changes,but contribute to little difference in yield after a comparison of Wanzhou and Kaizhou planting base and the latter average individual yield being higher.After introduction and cultivation of Corydalis yanhusuo from different germplasm,the physiological indexes changed in different degrees,indicating the ability of Corydalis yanhusuo from different germplasm to adapt to respective environment differs.4)Soil,of great importance in land-based ecosystems,the place to deliver water and nutrients to medicinal plants,has direct effect on the growth and development of medicinal plants and on the formation and accumulation of active ingredients.There are some rhizosphere enrichment effect of soil nutrient and soil enzyme activity(especially nitrate nitrogen invertase)in rhizosphere soil and non rhizosphere soil of different germplasm Corydalis yanhusuo,with remarkable correlation and variability.Among many factors affected rhizosphere nutrient activity,available nitrogen and phosphorus content is the power source of entire plant,significantly affecting on soil pH and soil enzyme activity and further influencing the accumulation of active substance.5)The heavy metal content had significant difference between different germplasm Corydalis yanhusuo by analyzing the content of heavy metal and pesticide residue in both Corydalis yanhusuo and soil from Wanzhou and Kaizhou cultivation base.However the difference,conforming to the corresponding standard,meeting the requirements of Chinese medical herbs GAP development,can provide reference for the quality and safety evaluation of Corydalis yanhusuo.6)With Daye corydalis being the experimental material and with soil culture method,the effects of exogenous Ca2+ and K+ treatments on the plant height,biomass and physiological characters,heavy metal content and medicine quality of Coiydalis yanhusuo seedings under different concentrations of Cd stress were studied.In contaminated soil planting rhizoma corydalis,addiction of right amount of exogenous Ca2+ can alleviate Cd poison by such methods as changing the activity of antioxidant enzymes of Corydalis yanhusuo seedings and decrease Cd content in tubers,therefore improve the medine quality of Corydalis yanhusuo.The above index analysis drew conclusions that Corydalis yanhusuo originating in Tongzhou Jiangsu(TZ),Xiaokengmen Shanghu(SH),Guzhu(GZ),Dongyang Zhejiang(DY).Wuhu Anhui(WH)is suitable for introduction and cultivation in Wanzhou Chongqing,while Tongzhou Jiangsu(TZ),Xiaokengmen Shanghu(SH),Dongyang Zhejiang(DY),Wuhu Anhui(WH),Guojia town Kaizhou Chongqing(GJ)and Guzhu(GZ)suitable for introduction and cultivation in Wanzhou Chongqing.After introduction and cultivation,Coiydalis yanhusuo quality enhanced and adaptability improved.In addition,Nitrogen is the important factors that affect active material accumulation in Corydalis yanhusuo therefore in the course of cultivation more attention should be paid to the use of nitrogen fertilizer,such as its combination with microbial fertilizer and micronutrients fertilizer. |
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