| In this paper,Corydalis yanhusuo from nine different habitats were selected as the objects of the study.flame atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS),meteorological chromatography(GC),High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),conventional method and biochemical method were used to determine four heavy metal contents in soil and eight kinds of organochlorine pesticide residues in tuber of Corydalis yanhusuo and its rhizosphere soil,the contents of six alkaloids and three kinds of nucleoside content,soil physical and chemical indexes,soil enzyme activity,respectively.The relationship between ecological factors and the active ingredients of Corydalis yanhusuo was analyzed,and the quality control and safety of Corydalis yanhusuo in different habitats were evaluated.Thus,the conclusions could provide the reference for sustainable cultivation and utilization of Corydalis yanhusuo.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:1.The heavy metal content are analyzed.The contents of Cu,Pb,Zn and Cr were measured by AAS method were in line with the national?green industry standards of the import and export medicinal plants and preparations?(E.g.,the content of copper in the rhizosphere soil ranges from 2.66 to 5.55 mg·kg-1,and the content of copper in rhizosphere soil ranges from 42.35 to 73.69 mg·kg-1).2.Pesticide residues were analyzed.The contents of 8 kinds of organochlorine pesticides(BHC,a-BHC,?-BHC,?-BHC,d-BHC,DDT.4,4'-DDD 0,4'-DDT 4,4'-DDE 4,4'-DDT)of Corydalis yanhusuo and its rhizosphere soil from different habitats were detemined by HPLC method.The results showed that different degrees of eight kinds of organochlorine pesticides form Corydalis yanhusuo and its rhizosphere soils had been detected,but the content did not exceed the standard of green Chinese medicine.4,4'-DDD were detected only in Guojia Town,Kaixian County,Chongqing,with the contents of 0.007473 mg·kg-1,?-BHC,d-BHC and 4,4'-DDE is not detected.3.Analysis of six alkaloids contents of Corydalis yanhusuo in different habitats.The content of six alkaloids in Corydalis yanhusuo herbs were analyzed by HPLC,and the differences of the contents of six alkaloids in different grades were compared.Among them,the amount of tetrahydropalmatine was in the range of 1.18?118?g·mL-1,the dehydrogenic corydaline was in the range of 0.25?200?g·mL-1,the small alkaloid of hydrochloric acid was in the range of 0.56?112?g·mL-1,the palmatine hydrochloride was in the range of 2.175?87?g·mL-1,The berberine hydrochloride was in the range of 2.59?103.6?g·mL-1,and the original opioid was in the range of 2.69?269?g·mL-1.The linear regression between peak area integral values and the standard concentrations were good,with R2 of the regression equations larger than 0.9998.The linear relationship between peak area integral values and the standard concentrations were good,with the R2 of regression equations larger than 0.9993.The differences of the six alkaloids contents in nine producting regions were significant,and different alkaloids contents in the same origin were also different.However,the proportion of homologous alkaloids in different habitats was similar.For example,total alkaloid content of Corydalis yanhusuo in qianxiang town,Dongyang City,Zhejiang Province,was the highest,which was 2 times more than that in Zhou Jiashan town,Hanzhong City,Shanxi Province,which alkaloid content was the lowest.4.Analysis of three nucleosides in different habitats.The contents of three nucleosides,including guanosine,uridine and adenosine in Corydalis yanhusuo,were determined by HPLC.The differences of the three nucleosides' contents between different grades were compared.The content of guanoside was in the range of 12.12?242.40?g·mL-1,the content of guanosine was in the range of 8.04?160.80 ?g·mL-1 and the content of adenosine was in the range of 6.00?120.00 ?g·mL-1,and the linear regression between peak area integral values and the standard concentrations were good,with R2 of the regression equations larger than 0.9998.The average recovery rates of the three nucleosides were between 99.63%and 104.24%,and the RSD was between 0.7%and 2.3%.The differences of uridine,guanosine and adenosine content and compositional ratio were significant in different producing areas.There were also significant differences in the composition and composition ratio of the three components of Corydalis yanhusuo.Among them,the high total amount of three nucleosides of Corydalis yanhusuo were from Wuhu City,Anhui province.The study indicated that the different origin had a certain influence on the content of nucleosides of Corydalis yanhusuo.5.The soil physical and chemical indicators content are analyzed.The pH values of soil from 9 different planting areas were between 4.13 and 5.48,which belonged to acidic soil,and the difference was not significant as comparing to each planting areas,background values.The content of total N in the soil was from 730 to 2080 mg·kg-1 and the variation coefficient was 0.39.The available nitrogen content ranged from 18.67 to 242.63 mg·kg-1,and the variation coefficient was 0.74,greater than that of the total nitrogen.The total phosphorus content were ranged from 0.47 to 1.12 mg·kg-1,and the coefficient of variation was 0.35.the content of available phosphorus were ranged from 0.03 to 0.31 mg·kg-2 and the coefficient of variation was 0.37.The contents of available N,available N,available P and available P in different planting areas showed significant differences,among which the highest available nitrogen content was in Hanzhong Shaanxi,and the highest available phosphorus content was in Dade,Chongqing,indicating the strong soil fertility of the two producing areas.6.Soil enzyme activities were analyzed.The activities of urease activity in 9 different habitats were ranged from 57.04 to 137.32 mg·g-1,the activity of invertase were ranged from 1.57 to 11.82 mg·g-1,the activity of protease were ranged from 0.819 to 10.11 mg·g-1,the activity of Acid phosphatase were ranged from 2.683 to 7.28 mg·g-1,neutral phosphatase activity were ranged from 0.04 to 3.57 mg·g-1 and the activity of alkaline phosphatase were ranged from 0.007 to 1.39 mg·g-1.The activities of 6 kinds of enzyme were different in different habitats,and there were also differences in the activities of several enzymes in the same producing area,indicating that there were some differences in the conversion and supply of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil of Corydalis yanhusuo in different habitats.Among them,the highest activities of urease and protease of soils were from Shanxi Hanzhong,and the highest activity of invertase was from the rhizosphere soil of Tongzhou,Jiangsu Province,The highest activity of acid phosphatase was from the rhizosphere soil of Hanzhong Shaanxi,which indicated that the strength transformation of N,C and P in these areas were large.7.Ecological factors and Corydalis yanhusuo effective components were analyzed.The correlation between climatic factors,soil factors,soil physical and chemical indexes and soil enzyme activities were analyzed by bivariate analysis.For example,the correlation coefficient(|r|)of annual mean temperature and guanosine,of palmatine hydrochloride and the ratio of gravel in soil,of total phosphorus and protopanine were more than 0.8,which showed a significant positive correlation(P<0.01).With the increase of average annual temperature,the proportion of soil gravel and total phosphorus content,guanosine,berberine and protopanine alkalinity content also increased.The results indicated that the ecological factors affected the composition and structure ratio of Corydalis yanhusuo,which could provide scientific basis for the future production and research on the quality of Corydalis yanhusuo. |
PDF Full Text Request