Research On “more/less” Symmetry And Asymmetry For The Chinese As A Foreign Language

Antonyms in modern Chinese teaching is an important part of vocabulary teaching in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, while the asymmetric distribution of antonyms brought foreign students a variety of problems.“?/?”is a pair of antonyms which is commonly used in modern Chinese, and also a pair of antonym which will be early contacted and should be grasped well for non-native Chinese learners when they learn Chinese.The author believes that'“?/?”are free morpheme,at the same time,they can also be used as the word.The asymmetry of'“?/?”at the lexical level embodies in its part of speech and meaning. From the perspective of the parts of speech,'“?”and“?”can act as adjectives, verbs, adverbs, nouns, but in terms of acting as pronouns and determiners,“?”has a missing symmetrical item. From the perspective of the meaning of words, it can be divided into two cases, symmetric and asymmetric. The former can be divided into two kinds of situation, that's symmetric morphology with symmetric meaning and symmetric morphology with asymmetric meaning. The latter also can be divided into'“?”no'“?”and "?”no'“?”wo categories. In fixed expressions, such as idioms or sayings composition, the number of '“?”is even more than the number of'“?”'.In addition, the word-building ability of“?”is better than“?”,mainly on the advantage of before- formation word formation; On the use frequency is higher than the“?”,which is about three times as much as the'‘?”.In formation on the order, we can just use'‘??”or '‘????”,instead of'‘??”or“????”.“?/?”has asymmetry in the syntactical level, this is mainly manifested in the syntax structure of they belong to. There are many syntactic structures using“?”not'‘?”,such as the prejudiced structure"?+object quantifier+noun"and"?+noun (morpheme)",the complement structure "adjective+?+?”/"adjective+?+?”/“verb+?+?”/"verb+?+?”,and'‘?+adjective"as the question sentences,'‘?+adjective/verb"as the exclamatory sentences, "numeral +?+quantifier + noun" / "numeral+quantifier+?+noun" structure,'‘??+verb" structure,etc.There are also many syntactic structures using“?”not'‘?”,such as'‘? ?+verb",'‘??+noun"structure,in which '‘?''acts as a morpheme, and "subject +??double objecf" structure or "??+?+ noun "structure,in which '‘?''acts as the word.The author believes that the causes of'‘?/?”asymmetric phenomenon include both internal and external aspects.Internal reason refers to'‘?/?”itself,on the part of speech, meaning, structure of the differences, the opposite relationship of the two is not absolute,“?"in addition to constitute a antisense system with "?"can also with the“?”,“?”,“?”,“?”,“?”,“?”,while "?”can also be used to constitute a antisense system with“?”,“?”?Being affected by some external reasons such as human cognition, psychological factors, the impact of social politeness principle and so on, people are more likely to use words with significant and positive meanings,'‘?"satisfy the above characteristics more than“?”In addition, people often choose more polite and tactful way to express their views in daily social communication, which,to some extent cause the asymmetric use of"?/?”On this basis, according to the questionnaire survey and analysis of the students' acquisition of'‘?/?”,we know that there are usually some errors when students acquire them,it's mainly because of the difficulty of“?/?”tself, the negative transfer of mother tongue or the target language, the unreasonable arrangement of textbooks and reference books, improper curriculum arrangement and teaching guidance. Therefore, to help students better acquire"?/?”,in addition to conduct a comprehensive in-depth research on "?/?''itself, we should also make effects on curriculum and textbook writing, design practice, teacher team construction and other aspects.