Shandong Salt Industry Research During The Wei, Jin And Sui And Tang Dynasties

Salt,as the treasure of the country,plays important role in history.On one hand,it is the most basic necessities of life;On the other hand,government can grab high profitof salt,therefore,it has brought to the attention of the dynasty rulers,and controlled through various measures on salt.Shandong region is the production of salt since ancient times,on the one hand,the salt industry was managed by the government and bring the benefit at the same time,on the other hand,it is also affecting the local economic development and social culture.The characteristics of the historical period of Wei-Jin Sui-Tang Five dynasties show:division-unity-split again,because of the particularity of the social form,the salt industry is affected,so national policies related to salt industry also presents different characteristics.The fields related to Shandong salt industry : from the policy and legislation of the salt industryall to Production transportation and sales of salt also show different characteristics.This article is divided into five chapters,use special as the outline,the time as the sequence,discussing respectively for each chapter also related the project of shandong salt industry.The first chapter of article mainly introduced salt industry policies from the Wei-Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasty to Sui-Tang and The Five Dynasties.Because of social instability during the Wei-Jin,the salt policy pursued by shandong governmentrise and down,not unified.But behind the seemingly disorder,substance driven around the interests of the rulers,and summarizes the salt policy features: the regime attaches great importance to the salt policy,the frequent changes of salt policy,long-term coexist with the private-run and official-run camp.Governmental Salt System was carried out in the Tang Dynasty(the government have a monopoly in the salt completely),at the same time,on the basis of the policy,Tang government divide the region of the salt area.With the reformnation of the salt policy,the law has become increasingly stringent,but governor also received a huge salt profit in return.The Five Dynasty governors follow the salt method used in Tang Dynasty,and control of the salt is more and more demanding.The second chapter mainly introduced the main production in shandong of salt and the sea salt production technology.Area of salt producion in Shandong are mainly concentrated in Dizhou,Qingzhou,Laizhou,Dengzhou states area(Bo Hai Coastal Region now),and introduces the technology how to produce salt in detail by the working people.The third chapter is expounded of the article,mainly explore the sea saltˊs transportation and sale in shandong region.Due to the need of the governor salt profit in Wei-Jin Dynasties,they have driven attached great importance to repair the transportion gallery.After liu yan reform the Governmental Salt System,smethod of saltˊs transportation and sale,shift official transporting and selling to businessmen transporting and selling(monopoly),on this basis,the government divide the region of the salt area,under this policy,saltˊs transportation and sale in Shandong mainly depends on transportation and transfer of salt river,sea routs and land transportation,and through the three basic ways of distribution,on the one hand,the salt was worked off in local,on the other hand the salt was shipped to adjacent regionssale to sale.And try to explore the flow of the sate in Shandong in the period.The fourth chapter mainly introduces the issue of unlicensed salt in Tang Dynasty,the academic study of Illegal salt in Tang Dynasty,more focused on smuggle of Pond salt,but studying specifically for the salt smuggling in shandong region are rare.As Diwuqi carried the Governmental Salt System in Late Tang Dynasty,the issue of unlicensed salt became more and more terribly.Shandong region is the production of salt since ancient times,was controled by Military Governorship long after the An Shih Rebellion,under Illegal salt was increasing its spread in the nation,and salt smuggling is inevitable,even quite serious.There are many aspects reasons for Salt overflow in shandong,in addition to macroscopic supply imbalance,microscopic reason mainly is the function of XunYuan becomes weak,Zi-Qing military governorship carries salt law policy have different with the country,and salling salt with small store will not take up.On the one hand,Salt overflow affected the socialstability and salt profit,on the other hand,it is a kind of relief and compensation to the people life.Last chapter of Article in this paper expounds the relations of shandong salt industry and social aspects in Wei-Jin Sui-Tang Dynasties: relations of Hereditary gentry and salt policy,the Military Governorship disputed the salt profit with the central government,and relationship presented of businessan and people around salt between each other.And draw the conclusion: no matter cooperation or fight in which class,eventually sacrifice is ordinary people’s interests.For refiectting the the related issues more clearly,icon,maps are manufactured or referenced.in a word,on the premise of seeks to expound problems understandly,and can proper analysis of the historical facts reflect social status.