Shanghai Coal Business And Its Industry Groups In Coal Shortage (1931-1949)

The coal business in this paper refers to the coal purchasing and sales industry in modern Shanghai,and the coal shortage refers to the phenomenon of coal shortage in Shanghai in the 1930 s and 1940 s.Shanghai lacks coal resources,but coal is an increasingly important production and living material in the modernization of Shanghai industry and commerce.Paper mainly Shanghai archives collection file historical data,supplemented by the Shanghai literature and history,Shanghai newspapers and periodicals during the period of the republic of China,and other data,from Shanghai and 40 s,the coal shortage problem as the breakthrough point,study the causes of coal shortage during this period,business and industry analysis of coal group in alleviating the shortage of coal Shanghai performance and function.This article first analyzes the coal shortage comes in thirties and Shanghai,and40 s of the 20 th century,Shanghai happened last coal shortages,are the main reasons why Shanghai dependent on foreign fountainhead,and after the outbreak of the Pacific war,the 918 incident,the Shanghai commercial and trade organizations in order to alleviate the coal coal shortages,constantly moves between the government and social groups,in order to solve along the jiaoji railway strike wave and stable source of coal for Shanghai has made great efforts and contribution.Secondly,it investigates the development of coal business and its industry.The development of coal business in Shanghai is closely related to the development of Shanghai industry and commerce,and it is closely related to the coal shortage in Shanghai.The Shanghai coal business began to appear in the late 19 th century and established the trade association in the 1930 s.In the industrial development and coal shortage,there is a positive response,and the coal shortage also greatly affected the change of the coal commercial trade organization.Finally,it analyzes the reasons why the coal shortage in Shanghai in the 1940 s is difficult to subside.China's civil war led to the blocking of the north coal south railway line,which was the main reason for the continuous coal shortage in Shanghai after the war of resistance against Japanese aggression.After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War,the national government's control over the coal resources seriously affected the normal development of the Shanghai industry and commerce and the daily life of the people.The hoarding of the black market was also an important factor leading to the coal shortage in Shanghai after the war.In the 1940 s,the climate change of China's main coal producing areas also set up many obstacles for carrying coal to Shanghai.Throughout the 20 th century 30-40 s Shanghai every coal shortages,commercial trade council of coal and other industry trade association,always is a coordination mechanism exists between the government and industry,it is to file a complaint with the government on behalf of the industry and enterprise,the pressure on the government,industry or business will be under the government guidance constraint.