Research On Teacher Mobility In The Basic Education Stage In The United States Under The Background Of School District System

In 2010,The National Program for Medium and Long-Term Education Reform and Development(2010-2020)had clearly put forward the point "It is the strategic task of the elementary education to promote its balanced development." Based the theory of balanced development of elementary education and practice experience,some cities of our country began to explore the district management pattern.I choose America as my research subject,because it has the long history of school district system and a rather complete system of the development of teacher education.At first,I conduct an in-depth study in the system of school district of the United States,about its origin,its organization structure,its financial structure,its financial resource and its distribution of powers.Then,the paper analyzes the current situation of teachers' mobility in elementary education under the background of the school district system.The form of teachers' mobility is divided into two types-inside educational system and outside educational system.The former can be subdivided into types-inside school district and across school district,the latter is also divided into two parts,retirement and lost.Due to the limitations of available data,this research focus on the type of across school district and lost.Next,the paper analyzes the characteristics and influence of the teachers' mobility in elementary education.At last,Dive into mechanism of teachers' mobility.The paper finds that :The study found that the education budget among districts is imbalanced,which may lead to cause a misallocation of school resources,especially the misallocation of teachers.The causes of teachers' mobility include:payment,which is influenced by compensation levels of different places and promotes teachers to flow from poor regions to economically developed regions as a whole;teaching environment,Teachers are willing to stay in schools with abundant educational resources and good teaching atmosphere;teaching pressure,the quality of student achievement and the passing rate of standardized tests make teachers overwhelmed,someone will leave their posts;The US economy has improved,then more vacancies have emerged,which attract some teachers to other industries.The characteristics and impact of teachers' mobility in elementary education in the United States are as follows: The mobile teachers are mainly young teachers;Teachers' mobility is greatly affected by compensation;Turnover and accessmechanisms are incompatiable,high access mechanism will reduce the turnover of teachers;Teachers' turnover differs in different regions and sections,the turnover of teachers in urban areas is higher than that of rural and urban areas,and the turnover of teachers in primary schools is higher than that of other schools.Teachers' mobility caused a great impact,if the mobility is disorder and anomorphic,which would cause the instability of the teaching body?a serious waste of the US educational resources and the huge hidden danger is brought by the substitute teachers;if the mobility is order and healthy,which would promote teachers' balanced disposition ? improve teachers' enthusiasm and fully tap the inherent potential of the education systemIn order to promote the teachers' mobility as well as the equilibrium allocation of teachers,many measures have been done by all parties.The government introduced policies to increase fiscal stimulus,the society provides resources and construct favorable atmosphere of esteeming teachers,school districts have been at the service of the growth of new teachers and the negotiation of teachers' allocation.These three parts coordinate with each other to promote orderly teachers' mobility.