From The Spirit Of The Scholars To The Spirit Of The President Of The Republic Of China, The Core Of The Spirit And The Evolution Of The Times

The evolution of "Shi" is an extremely complicated phenomenon in Chinese history. In the different period of traditional society, owing to the change of social political and economic structure, the traditional stratum of scholar has orderly experienced the different evolution, which including the formation and rise of pre Qin,the transformation in the Han Dynasty, the solidification in the Wei and Jin Dynasties,the expansion and definition in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Finally, the traditional stratum of scholar has finished the differentiation in the transformation of modern society in the late Qing dynasty. During this period, the scholar's social role has also changed from the Roaming scholar into the Confucian scholar and from the Confucian scholar into the Scholar-bureaucrat, and then return to the identity of the scholar, finally became into Gentry in the late Ancient Chinese history. Meanwhile,with the change of the traditional scholar's social role,the stratum of scholar's cultural spirit occurred the evolution from " scholar's Pursuit in Tao" into "uphold Confucianism and advocate moral" and the transformation from "uphold Confucianism and advocate moral" into "consistency of human with nature" and then sublimated into the spirit of "to world as their own duty" At the end,in the process of modernization, the stratum of scholar with the spirit of "to world as their own duty" showed the cultural spirit of "Unremitting self-improvement". Through these diverse images,we see the stratum of scholar insisted on the study of life-long learning under the inheritance between teachers with students, despite the constant transformation of the social role of scholars; We also see that no matter how different stratum of scholar's culture spirit is in the different period, the Humanistic care focused on the crowd from the stratum of scholar is a consistent.Into the modern society, with the rise of the new business and the change of social structure caused by failure of the war. The traditional intellectual class (stratum of scholar) has gradually transformed into a multidimensional worker in the process of the needs of society adapted by the modern education system. Among them, the new era of intellectual, which is directly transformed from the traditional intellectual class or become via accepting new education, has become the direct successor of the traditional intellectual social responsibility and cultural spirit. On the other hand, the traditional Chinese higher education system has basically realized its modernization through the establishment of the educational system, course content and educational methods brought by the academy reform in the late Qing Dynasty and the establishment of the modeen university concept and management mode accompanied by the educational institution reform in the Republic of China. In the context of the traditional intellectual class entering the higher education sector and the establishment of modern universities, the principal who led the new university became a professional group with strong social influence - the university principal group. The university president in the Republic of China, who has the characteristics of the old times and the pioneering spirit of new era, has made a groundbreaking contribution in the modernization of Chinese universities and showed mental outlook which constantly recalled but hardly regained by contemporary people.In the process of governing the school by the university president in the Republic of China,they have showed the patriotic spirit for the purpose of nation and culture revival by the instinctive emotion, the influential speech, the powerful practice and the unremitting persistence. Through inheriting the study style of"advocating literature","diligent in study" of traditional intellectual class and referring the concept of "Higher learning" of the western university,The university president developed and practiced the spirit of "diligent in study", which contains the university view of "Higher Learning", the teacher appointment criteria of "Sincere and earnest scholarship" and the expectation of "Good faith and hard studying" to students. With educational philosophy of comprehensive education to perfect student personality and the instruction of sacrifice spirit, dedication spirit and service spirit to achieve students life value,the university president have highlighted their educational philosophy of "healthy student" .With the unshaken enthusiasm to the education, the promoting to the responsibility of the principal, and long term commitment to their work, They have built a sense of professionalism, which is based on the sense of cultural responsibility and sense of mission. In the context of Western learning spreads to the Eastern and national crisis, as a successor to the traditional culture and a member of the chinese nation, the university president in the Republic of China adhered to the road of saving the nation through education, committed to the cause of Higher education. This is a religious spirit.Beginning with the Opium War and ending with the founding of new China, the modern China has lasted more than 100 years. During this period, it experienced the various social conflicts, ideological trends and social changes. It is extremely complex.At the contradiction between the traditional and modern referred whole society, most of the modern intellectual class have chosen to promote social modernization in a clear-cut manner. Among the modem intellectual class, there were a number of university principals,who lay the foundation of modern university system with extremely remarkable spirit, at the aim of establishing modern Chinese universities.The efforts of the Republican University principals to accomplish higher education from traditional to modern are part of the transition from traditional to modern in modern Chinese society, which have fully showed the university principals' spiritual care from the traditional into the modern. This spiritual care,which took human care as a spiritual source, considered self-improvement as the behavior characteristics and regarded from the traditional into the modern as task of the times, presented the Chinese traditional intellectuals' long and firm cultural responsibility and national mission which again.