A Study On The Birth Arrangements Of Intellectual Women In The 1980s Under The “Comprehensive Two-Child” Policy

The implementation of the universal two-child policy in January 1,2016,marking China’s family planning policy into a new historical stage.The policy aims to release and develop the population potential,delay the trend of population aging in our country,balance the sex ratio at birth,improve the population structure of the family and increase the supply of labor force.It is a major measure to benefit the country and the population.It also be propitious to medium and long-term balanced development of population in our country and the long-term development of the Chinese nation and great revival.One year after the implementation of the universal two-child policy,the National Bureau of Statistics(NBS)released data of the population birth in China in 2016.The data shows that in 2016 China’s birth population has reached 17.86 million,there is an increase of 1.31 million compared with 2015 and the population birth rate is 12.95 ‰.In China’s current population of reproduction age,the post-80s generation is the main force of population production and it is significant to study their reproduction arrangements in the early days of the implementation of the policy.Esoecially for highly educated women,they are the main parts of reproduction and they have special demands for their personal development,mental state and reproduction concept.By thinking about what is the real situation of their reproduction,the educated women of post-80s generation in Xi’an are the research target of this papaer.This paper makes a extensive investigation and understanding of the reproduction arrangement of the educated women of post-80s generation in Xi’an after literature research and empirical research,and draws a relatively objective conclusion.This paper select Xi’an as a research area,there are many colleges and universities in Xi’an,highly educated female groups are large,post-80s generation is the main force of the current reproduction and their fertility desire directly affect the actual implementation of the policy.First,this paper makes a visual analysis of the sociological and demographic research fields of the decade from 2006 to 2016,and then uses the literature research method to summarize and sort out the hot issues of demography.Finally,using the empirical research method to investigate the reproduction arrangements of educated women of post-80s generation in Xi’an.According to the research,their fertility desire is generally strong and most of them only have one child or no child.It can be predicted that with the implementation of the universal two-child policy,some of them may arrange to birth the second child and they will face a lot of fertility difficulties,therefore,the author throuhg specific analysis given the basic idea of solving the problem.This paper is divided into five parts:Chapter One IntroductionThis chapter introduces the background,the purpose and the significance of the research,defines the related concepts used in the text,introduces the relevant theories of sociology and demography,and summarizes research results in this field at domestic and foreign country.The bibliometric analysis software CitespaceV is used to analyze the sociological and demographic hotspots in China in the last decade.The analysis shows that the research field of demographic hotspots in recent ten years has been developed with the change of policy.Before 2013,the main research hotspot is the one-child policy and the aging of the population.In 2015 and before,the main research hotspot is the two-child police for only-child parents.Since 2016,the main research hotspot is the universal two-child policy.According to the literature study,China’s population development and reproduction concept has its own characteristics,and it is different from western countries.Chapter Two Current Situation of Educated Women of Post-80s Generation in Xi’anThis chapter analysis the situation of population of Xi’an,situation of the research targets and the results from questionnaire.Relenant data shows that the present natural population growth rate is 4.64%in Xi’an.The questionnaire is issued for a dozen departments and units,a total of 318 questionnaires were returned and the effective rate for paper questionnaires is 84.8%.It also shows that there is still 18.9%of educated women has no idea about the universal two-child policy.This conclusion is a solid data base for the analysis in later chapters.Chapter Three Main Factors Affect the Reproduction Arrangements of Educated Women of Post-80s Generation in Xi’anAccording to the cross-over analysis betweent different variables,this chapter concludes how differnet variables affects the desired number of chindren and analysis the factors from personal,family,social aspects.It shows for most of the educated women,their desired number of children is two.This desire matches the purposes of universal two-child policy,but the economic condition,personal development and the physiological condition makes reproduction become hard to achieve.Chapter Four Advises for Educated Women of Post-80s Generation in Xi’an under the universal two-child policyThis chapter analysis the disadvantages of fertility security policy.It mainly reflected on the short of maternity leave,paternity leave hard to achieve;unbalanced health resource makes temporary crowded giving birth;the shortage of perschool education institutions;the uncertainty in workplace for women of childbearing age.Based on general analysis,this chapter gives some well-diredted advises,mainly on the supporting measures,the transformation of social mainstream fertility concept and laws and regulations.Chapter Five Summary and DiscussionThe implementation of the universal two-child policy will definitely improve the birth rate,delay the trend of population aging in our country,improve the population structure of the family and may lead to a new demographic dividend.For educated women,giving birth is very subjective.With the increasing cose of birth and nurture,various social policies of government will directly or indirectly affects the reproduction desire and arrangement of educated women.Establishing and improving China’s Fertility Policy,improving the supporting measures in order to better achieve the purpose of universal two-child policy.In this paper,there are still some deficiencies.Such as,theorerical basis need to be improved,sample size needs to be increased,analytical approach need to be improved.These deficiencies will be improved in future study.There are still some shortcomings in this paper,such as the theoretical basis to be improved,the sample size also need to increase the analysis method also need to cross-disciplinary and so on.These problems and shortcomings in the subsequent study of the process I will continue to deepen and improve.