Study On The Influencing Factors Of Urban Professional Women Not Having The Second Child Under The Background Of Current Fertility Policy

In recent years,with the decline of the birth rate,the coexistence of deep aging and severe sub-replacement fertility has brought many negative effects on the development of our society.Therefore,China has fully liberalized the two-child policy.After four years' practice,the policy has achieved some results,but there is still a big gap from the policy expectation.Some studies have shown that the second child bearing intention of professional women in China is relatively low.In order to further understand the factors that affect their unwillingness to have the second child,the author interviewed 16 professional women who had one child in the city by semi-structured interviews,and studied the factors that affect their unwillingness to have the second child,which can provide reference for the government to further improve China's Fertility Policy,alleviate China's population crisis,and promote the sustainable coordination of population and social economy developmentThrough the analysis of interview materials,the author sums up the factors that affect the professional women not to have the second child in China into four levels:At the individual level,women are reluctant to have a second child because they are older,they are worried about the impact on their health,the overlap between having a second child and the golden age of career development,and the awakening of women's self-awareness;At the family level,women are reluctant to have the second child because their family economic conditions are not enough to raise two children well,low involvement of fathers in parenting and high cost of education make women reluctant to have two children;At the policy level,only women's maternity leave without the implementation of male parental leave will not only affect women's career development,but also make women bear more pressure on parenting.In addition,the supporting welfare policies of the two child policy are not enough,which makes women reluctant to have two children.At the end of the article,,the author puts forward some specific advice for further improving China's Fertility Policy according to the research findings:At the individual level,the government is suggested to encourage young people to have children by alleviating family economic pressure,so as to reduce the initial childbearing age and create conditions for the second child.At the same time,it is suggested to strengthen the protection of women's rights and improve women's employment security;At the family level,it is suggested that the state should implement male parental leave,promote fathers to participate in childcare and reduce the pressure on women.At the social level,firstly,it is suggested that the media should expand the publicity of the two child policy,secondly,it is suggested that the government should strengthen the legislation of child protection,and finally,it is suggested that the government should improve the welfare facilities related to the two child policy,so as to solve the worries about the second child of professional women.