| With the gradual recovery of the world economy and international trade,China's equipment manufacturing industry meets complex environment.On the one hand,as developed countries promote "re-industrialization" policy and developing countries embed in global production network.Chinese products suffer from products crowding.As China's demographic dividend is disappearing,the cost of equipment manufacturing industry is rising.On the other hand,as our government promote new policies and "One Belt,One Road" plan,domestic and international markets are gradually expanding,which bring new opportunities.From global Value Chain(GVC)perspective,developed countries such as EU and USA master advanced technology,and then control global value chain.By technology advantage,developed countries are in the top of "Smile Curve" and achieve higher trade revenues.Starting from assembly,China makes equipment manufacturing industry embedded in global value chain and improves its GVC position.However,China's equipment manufacturing industry need transform timely but has following deficiencies:first,equipment manufacturing industry doesn't have very strong international competitiveness advantage;second,there are lack of the large-sized enterprises and industrial clusters including the medium and small-sized firms;third,the utilization ratios of R&D inputs are not high.These deficiencies damage trade benefits and increase the risk of equipment manufacturing export with the disappearance of the population bonus.Not only enterprises but also our government are thinking how to improve the technique level of China's equipment manufacturing product,how to cultivate new competitive advantage,how to make upgrading and achieve higher benefits in international trade.Therefore,this paper is trying to solve following questions:first,how to measure the technique level of China's equipment manufacturing products?second,how to measure its GVC position?third,how to testify factors which influence export sophistication index.They are important for enhancing international competitiveness of equipment manufacturing,expanding trade scale,capturing higher trade profits and upgrading its GVC position.To upgrade GVC position of China's equipment manufacturing industry,firstly,we must measure its position and discuss influential factors.Therefore,the contents of this paper are as follows:Chapter 1 and 2 are the introduction and literature review for theories.In chapter 3,this paper analyzes the development and trade situation of China's equipment manufacturing industry in detail,and then uses the Industry export sophistication index(ESI)to calculate the position of China's equipment manufacturing industry in global value chain.Data used for the analysis is based on the SITC three-digit code number from the UNCTAD database from2001 to2014.In addition,to compare the difference between China and developed countries,this paper also figure out the ESI of USA,Germany and Japan.The results suggest that China's equipment manufacturing industry has significantly improved its GVC position and also partly realized the transformation.In terms of sectors,in manufacture of communication,computer,other electronic equipment?manufacture of measuring instrument,machinery for cultural and office work.the degree of China's ESI have been rising rapidly and reach the level of developed countries.In manufacture of general purpose machinery?manufacture of transport equipment?manufacture of electrical machinery and equipment,the degree of China's ESI rise gradually and the gap between it and that of developed countries is becoming smaller.In manufacture of metal products,the degree of China's ESI also rise,but the gap between it and that of developed countries is becoming bigger.In manufacture of special purpose machinery,the degree of China's ESI is different and in volatility,and compared with 2001's level,the level of 2014 shows a downgrading trend and the gap between it and that of developed countries is becoming bigger.Based on the study on the evolution of GVC position of China's equipment manufacturing industry in chapter 3,the main contents of chapter 4 are as follows:first,introduce the cost discovery model;second,on the basis of economic theory and precedent research,analyze theoretically the influencing mechanism of factors including material capital?technology(human capital and R&D expense)?foreign direct investment(FDI)?institutional environment(government support)and import,which influence global value chain upgrading of China's equipment manufacturing industry;third,select the 2001-2014 data of China's equipment manufacturing industry and conduct empirical test.The results show that:material capital?human capital?R&D expense and import have a significant positive effect on China's equipment manufacturing industry export sophistication,but FDI has an inhibitory effect on China's equipment manufacturing industry export sophistication,and government support has little effect on China's equipment manufacturing industry export sophistication.Based on above results,chapter 5 gives four suggestions as follows:first,carry out the"double-track" education model and increase human capital;second,increase R&D expense and enhance its efficiency;third,make best use of "One Belt,One Road" and encourage dominant firms export their products;fourth,contact with foreign firms and utilize the positive effect of FDI.The innovation of this paper reflects in:while precedent researches focus on manufacturing industries,high technology industries,manufacture of metal products,this paper focuses on equipment manufacturing industry.Equipment manufacturing industry which is the core part of the modern industry system and plays a significant role for economic growth provides machinery and equipment to the national economy production activities and defense construction.Export sophistication index(ESI)provides a new research method to study on the GVC position,so lots of scholars engage in this area.However,precedent researches about influencing mechanism of export sophistication are few.On the basis of economy theory and precedent researches,this paper theoretically analyze main factors which influence the GVC position of China's equipment manufacturing industry,and then select data to make empirical analysis.In other words,this paper supplements empirical study on industry's GVC position and gives well-directed suggestions for upgrading GVC position of China's equipment manufacturing industry.The deficiencies of this paper reflect in three aspects:first,if paper uses data based on the SITC five digit code number,calculation work needs lots of time,this paper just use the SITC three digit code number data.Second,because of just seven sectors,whole data is not quite enough in empirical analysis.Third,empirical analysis can't include all of influential factors. |
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