Equilibrium-research For Commuters' Commuting On Transit Systems During The Morning-period Based On Dynamic Pricing

In recent years,with the rapid development of economy,urban traffic demand increases seriously,urban traffic congestion problem has become an important issue for each city,resulting in energy consumption,traffic inefficiency,environmental pollution and other issues all over the world.In order to alleviate the problem of urban traffic congestion,the government encourages people to choose public transit.However,the problem of commuting congestion in public transit system during the morning-period is still bothering the public.Firstly,this paper analyzes the research situation at home and abroad in the field of public transport,and find two limitations:(1)In some research,scholars study commuter's dynamic travel behavior to analyze the commuters' travel rules,they try to find out the method to alleviate the congestion of public transit system.However,in the process of research,scholars often use the static fare,ignoring the effect of dynamic pricing.(2)There are few studies on heterogeneous commuters,and most of them only consider the different crowded costs,ignoring other heterogeneity factors.In view of the above limitations,this paper establishes the dynamic travel equilibrium model of homogeneous commuter on two common public transit systems(many-to-one transit system and one-to-many transit system)combined with dynamic fares.Also,some equilibrium property are proved.Then we verify these equilibrium property by numerical examples.The dynamic behavior of the homogeneous commuters are analyzed.In order to make a better comparative analysis,this paper gives some comparative examples.It is found that,in the two public transit system,the dynamic fares can make the commuters' travel distribution become more uniform.The total utilization of the commuter car has increased,the max degree of congestion has dropped.Thus,when there are only one type of commuter,the dynamic fares strategy helps to improve the utilization of public transport resources and alleviate the problem of commuting congestion in public transit system.Furthermore,taking into account the fact that the commuters' expected arrival time may be different,for heterogeneous commuters,the corresponding equilibrium model is established on two common public transit systems(many-to-one transit system and one-to-many transit system).The equilibrium properties are proved and verified by numerical examples.It is found that,in the two public transit system,the dynamic fares can make the commuters' travel distribution become more uniform.The total utilization of the commuter car has increased,the max degree of congestion has dropped.Thus,when there are many types of commuters,the dynamic fares strategy still helps to improve the utilization of public transport resources and alleviate the problem of commuting congestion in public transit system.