The Status Of Manzhouli Port In China's “Belt And Road” Opening Strategy

Port as a special geographical location,is the bridges and channels of the countries between the economic,political,cultural communication.China have 14 areas neighboring inland and countries,most of which are port cities.Port development and opening up reflects the 30 years development results of China’s reform and opening up policy.And because of its special geographical location is also related to the country’s security and stability so that it has an very important strategic position.Therefore,Doing the port research has a very important significance.The Manzhouli port,located at the junction of the border of China Russian and Mongolian.It has a long history and solid foundation,since it is one of the first modern opening port cities.Its unique geographical location has a unique geographical advantages,especially in recent years,with the national western development policy,the revitalization of the northeast industrial base policy,the national development and opening up the experimental area policy,the "B&R" and the Russian-Mongolian economic corridor policy and so many other policies coverage it,which promote its position has an highlight between Inner Mongolia ports.The more obvious advantage is that the State Council has issued a "Opinion" to support the development of key opening border areas,involving five develop and open key experimental areas,72 national border ports,28 border cities,and 17 economic zones,which all includes Manzhouli.Understanding the Manzhouli port,is to understand the Contemporary China’s opening up strategy,is to explore the way out of northeast old industrial base development and revitalization,and also is to grasp the future of the Chinese nation modernization.This paper includes three parts:the first part is introduction,the second part is subject and the third part is conclusion.The introduction part is a summary of the purpose,meaning,basic theory and related research literature of the topic.The main content is mainly three aspects.The first chapter is a historical review of Manzhouli’s opening to the outside world.Reviewed the history of Sino-Soviet trade from the beginning to the stagnation and its recovery to the flourishing.After a century of historical development,on the one hand,it shows the positive significance of the state’s opening-up policy to the Manzhouli port,on the other hand,it reflects the important value of the political and economic status of Manzhouli,which has a prominent status in the overall layout of the northern national geo-strategy and an irreplaceable geographical advantage and hub role in the national "promotion strategy"as an important strategic city in the northern border of China.The second chapter expounds the significance of the "B&R" strategic planning and the future development of city and port about Manzhouli.The introduction of "B&R"strategy is proposed in the world and China background,which is the historical choice and the inevitable development of the times.In the national "B&R" construction strategy planning,Manzhouli test area was listed as "the key economic park in the Russian economic corridor and land and sea transport major channel important node." It is important to have a profound understanding about Manzhouli in Northeast Asia and the Sino-Russian economic corridor in the important strategic position.In addition,the "B&R" strategy has a positive and far-reaching impact on the city and port of Manzhouli industrial structure adjustment,the development of industry,service industry,tourism and other aspects.The third and fourth chapters mainly discuss the status,function,opportunity and challenge of Manzhouli in the "B&R" strategy.Manzhouli is an important strategic city in the strategic layout of the northern border region of China.It is an important channel and strategic support for the opening up and economic revitalization of the northeastern China and the Mongolian region.It is the leading channel and bridgehead.It is the role of the Northeast and Mongolia development in the comprehensive hub between Mongolian and Russian economic corridors eurasian channel and the major supporting role of opening up and economic revitalization in Inner Mongolia,Russia and the role of leading and bridgehead to Mongolia about development and opening up along the border and the typical exemplary role to the north along the border development of China open port city.In addition,it is not difficult to see the city and port of Manzhouli in the integration of "B&R" strategy lack of motivation in the development of endogenous,its industrial base is weak and regional competition intensified,land port leading position is challenged and easy to be effect in the impact of large international and domestic economic changes fluctuations,the quality and efficiency of industrial development has yet to be improved and has other issues.The fifth chapter focuses on the corresponding countermeasures in Manzhouli’s integration into the strategy of "B&R".I believe that there are five specific aspects:First,to expand the depth and breadth of Manzhouli open to the outside world.The unique geographical location of Manzhouli and the national "B&R"policy have brought new opportunities for the development of Manzhouli,so it is necessary to expand the depth and breadth of openness.Second,focus on strengthening the support of Manzhouli city.In view of the lack of endogenous power in Manzhouli,the weak industrial base and other issues,it is important to have a rational planning and utilization for Manzhouli local resources.Through the introduction of leading enterprises landing,the development of intelligent green industry,breakthroughs in technical barriers and other means to solve these problems is necessary.In addition,the urban space system need to be fully rational planning layout.The development of aviation,transportation,underground space and so on is also worth exploring.Third,actively seek the support of the national special preferential policies.The city and port of Manzhouli rely mainly on the local cadres and the masses to deepen the reform,to promote the local political,economic and cultural development.But because of its long distance from the national regional central city,as well as in the end of labor market and industrial chain,its special geographical location requires the country give policy to tilt and support for the city and port of Manzhouli.It is of great significance to actively seek the support of special preferential policies in the view of the development of Manzhouli city and port and the overall development of the country.Fourth,the innovation of pragmatic cooperation in Manzhouli neighboring areas.Manzhouli is in the intersection of China,Russia and Mongolia,and is at the forefront of the Sino-Russian economic corridor.On the one hand,trade is conducive to the rational allocation of resources and the rational use of resources due to the complementary advantages of the three countries.On the other hand,the international pattern,the United States to return to Asia-Pacific,strengthen the US-Japan alliance,attack surrounded Russia and China makes China and Russia need the great complementarity in the economic aspect.Manzhouli as China’s largest land border ports,bear the national energy and the major responsibility of resource security,increase the solidarity of Russia and Mongolia cooperation has become a historical condition and the inevitable situation under the international situation.Fifth,strengthen Manzhouli cross-border information network construction.With the rapid development of global e-commerce,Manzhouli as a national development pilot area,as well as the future of international logistics center is necessary to keep up with the pace of the times.Give priority to the construction of cross-border information network on the agenda.Build a cross-border e-commerce business cluster.Right now,China has a more and more important status in the world pattern.Sino-Russian also has the best relationship since the centuries,the ship of Russian economy can not leave this ocean of China."B&R" strategy give more power on it.The city and port of Manzhouli should rely on their own geographical advantages,follow the trend of the times,seize the great opportunity to achieve their own comprehensive development.