Key Technology Selection Of Offshore Wind Power In The Patent Map Perspective

The development of offshore wind power is one of the effective ways to deal with energy security and climate change. The developed countries with marine resource endowments such as the United Kingdom, Germany and the United States have listed offshore wind power as an important part of the future energy strategy and supported various policies such as tax incentives, production and consumption subsidies.China is rich in offshore wind energy resources and the development of its offshore wind power is practical. However, in contrast to more developed countries,China still faces the problems of a weak technical support system and underdeveloped technologies in the field of offshore wind power. The experience of offshore wind power developed countries (the United Kingdom, Germany, etc.)shows that mining patent data and building technical track is an important measure to solve the above problems. The questions reflected is: What are the general characteristics of China's offshore wind power patent data? How to build a patent map and technical track research analysis framework? What are the factors that restrict the selection of key technologies for offshore wind power in China?Therefore, this paper first clarifies the differences between China's technology policy system, the characteristics of patent applications and other countries', through the international comparative study. Then, we follow the path of "the static characteristics of patent data (patent map study) - the dynamic characteristics and trends of patent data (technical track research) -t the factors that restrict the selection of key technologies (DEMATEL model analysis)" to explore the key pathways of China's offshore wind power development.The study results shows that: (1) Notwithstanding the investment and existence of a number of demonstration projects, there is a noticeable lack of technological-talents training, patent application and protection; for the upper industrial chain, there is a lack of effective regulations; for the downstream industrial chain, R&D of energy storage technology and the mechanisms for post-project evaluation are embryonic; the focus is on trans-departmental and enterprise cooperation at the neglect of inter-enterprises or inter-industries cooperation. (2)There are regional imbalances in the patent application of offshore wind power in China, and the proportion of patent protection from legal protection is very high; the structure of patent application is serious and the short board is obvious; patent application is mainly concentrated in scientific research institutes, power system and wind power enterprises; in the open patents, China lacks high value patents. (3)China's offshore wind power lacks the "high cited" patents; the length of the patent cited chain is generally short, the inheritance of the key technology is poor; the key technology path is more monotonous, and the technical breakthrough is more difficult. (4) The main reasons for the key technology selection of China's offshore wind power include the cost of technological introduction, government policy support, offshore wind power's return on investment, regulatory guarantee and supervision system.Finally, according to the main research conclusions, this paper puts forward relevant policy recommendations.