| The basic management system in rural areas is the foundation of the party’s rural policy,However,with the continuous development of the economy and society,the disadvantages of household contract responsibility system is gradually revealed.Problems such as the small scale,low efficiency of agriculture,and single family cannot afford large-scale agricultural machinery and new-type agricultural technology lead to the long-term low efficiency of agriculture.Thus the agricultural development cannot adapt to the development needs of the market economy.The human resources are wasted in rural areas and the,agricultural competitiveness drops,which severely dampen the farmer’s production enthusiasm.A large number of surplus rural labor rushes into cities and towns and devotes themselves in the second and third industry,which form a vicious circle in the long term.Some young people who have good education background are reluctant to throw themselves into agricultural production,which makes the rural lost its vigor and vitality,resulting in the rural hollowness,the trend of agriculture’s change into concurrent business and the aging of farmers.Women,children and the old are left behind in rural areas,causing a lot of social problems.Therefore,it can be seen that it is difficult for the household contract responsibility system based on single family to satisfy the requirements of economic and social development as well as the big market.As a result,it is necessary to conduct the system and mechanism innovation to solve the contradictions between agriculture small-scale production and big market to adapt to the needs of modern agricultural development.Speeding up the construction of new-type agricultural management system is attached high importance in the 18th national congress of the communist party in china and the central first documents in recent years,pointing out the direction of agricultural management organizations innovation.Building new-type agricultural management system with characteristics as intensification,specialization and socialization,organized is helpful to solve the problems faced by agriculture at present in our country as well as to realize agricultural modernization so as to support the entire social and economic development by the rapid development of agriculture.The management subject of new-type management system includes family farms,agricultural cooperatives,planting large and leading enterprises.There are theories promoting single subject and multiple subjects respectively in the domestic researches.The theory favoring single subject is to promote one of the four agricultural management subjects,while the theory favoring multiple subjects presents the view that as China is a large country with tremendously different natural and economic conditions,one or several agricultural management subjects which adapt to the local conditions shall be chosen to develop agricultural economy.In consideration of the actual situation in our country,this paper analyzes the characteristics and experience of the typical enterprises in countries and regions where the multiple management subjects are developed well,Finally this paper puts forward a specific path of constructing new-type agricultural management system from the aspects of intensification,industrialization,organizational and socialization.In the United States,family farms start relatively early and has experienced a long process of development,the relevant supporting policies,financial and infrastructure is complete,which has strong reference value to the development of family farms in our country.However,it should be noticed that the United States has a small population with large land,which contributes to carry out large-scale mechanization production.Therefore,the reasonable transfer of contractual right of land is accelerated and the three divisions are promoted in China to create conditions for the moderate scale management development in our country.Japan’s land area is narrow and is mostly covered by mountains.But its agriculture developed swiftly in the short decades after world warⅡwhich is inevitably related to the function of agricultural cooperative organization.The fast development of Japanese agricultural economy is used for reference to some hilly mountain areas in our country where land is not suitable for continuous cultivation areaThe Wing group in Guangdong province plays an active role,in promoting local economic development and people’s employment It is a model for the development of leading enterprises.Leading enterprises in other parts of our country shall draw lessons from the successful experience of the Wing group and contribute to drive the economic development in surrounding regions.In the aspect of the development of large grain production household,on the basis of the experience of the existing large grain production household,corresponding suggestions can be put forward to guide the development of large grain production household in the future.Based on the domestic and foreign successful experience,our country should adjust measures to local conditions and analyze specific problems specifically.In the process of constructing the new-type agricultural management system,the new-type agricultural management subject with regional characteristics shall be chosen according to the specific situation in the region,As for how to choose,and how to develop is the issues which current theoretical and practical workers need to think about.Combing the historical change of basic rural management system in China,starting from the challenges faced by the basic rural management system currently,this paper discusses the necessity and feasibility of constructing the new-type agricultural management system in China,analyses the successful business models at home and abroad.Finally through using development experience at home and abroad for reference,the path of constructing new-type agricultural management system is put forward from the following four aspects::the agricultural intensive management is realized by speeding up the transfer of the contractual right of land to promote scale operation,fostering new professional farmers,constructing the agricultural investment and financing system,improving the level of agricultural science and technology etc.The organization scale of agriculture is improved by fostering new type agricultural management subject and strengthening the joint between different subjects.The agricultural socialization is improved by improving the agricultural socialized service system and rural social security system and building policy-oriented agricultural insurance system,to strengthen the division of labor in agricultural industry. |
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