Study On The Landscape Ecological Structure And Characteristics Of Ancient Villages In Southern Anhui Province

Landscape is a compound system interwoven by nature and culture, and culture has a profound impact on landscape. Ancient village landscape is a typical cultural and ecological landscape, which embodies the thought of ancient Chinese residential culture and simple ecological view. Under the guidance of traditional cultural theory, ancient villages in southern Anhui which are built in conformity with nature utilize natural resources reasonably to integrate nature and man's living environment. As a result, both the ideal landscape that is featured by "integration of man and nature" and good ecological effect are achieved. The article takes Hongcun, Xidi, Nanxi and Nanping as examples,based on four remote sensing images, land use data and field investigation results of four ancient villages in 2014, to discuss the cultural and ecological landscape pattern and functional characteristics of ancient villages and initially construct composite system of Feng shui culture and ecology in southern Anhui, which from two perspectives of the ideal Feng shui model and landscape pattern index.According to the overall cultural ecology pattern of ancient villages, four villages are in line with the overall pattern of cultural and ecological landscape in traditional culture of fronting water and with hills on the back,which has a common characteristics of basin landscape structure, gap corridor structure and effect, shape effect, enclosed-scale effects and so on. It obviously demonstrates that ecological control idea of Feng shui culture as well as ecological effects; Landscape index shows that four villages are with low degree of landscape fragmentation,which is beneficial to the circulation and transformation of the ecological environment. It has a good integrity and continuity and benefit flows of matter,energy, information and other. From the cultural and ecological characteristics of the ancient village, the "Mingtang" characterized by villages construction region is manifested as the "Qi" polymerization place, which shows finger-like embedding and organically integrates the ancient village with the surrounding environment; Feng Shui forests around the village, play a role in "Qi" gathering, and is strictly protected, while Feng Shui forests form an ecological corridor, to strengthen links between village and surrounding area;River and ponds are "blood of the earth", not only meet the resident needs for daily life,but also help to regulate local climate, enhance the vitality and stability of ecological systems. Meanwhile, Water mouth is commonly used to make up for the deficiency of Feng Shui, and play a role in good connection, and transfer in favor of matter, energy,information, material migration and reproduction at the same time; Boundaries not only enhance the beauty of the ancient village and form architectural pattern of "be embraced on three sides by Mountains" in Feng Shui culture,but also help to regulate local climate as well; The cultural and ecological spatial pattern represented by landscape index can effectively reflect its cultural and ecological functions, which shows that the landscape pattern under the guidance of the Feng Shui culture has a good ecological effect. It reflects culture and ecology belong to two different systems, but influencing each other, so they need to be further studied as a composite system. Feng Shui cultural ecology emphasizes integration of man and nature, coincided with the ecological wisdom of modern landscape ecology. Feng Shui culture and landscape ecology has a certain degree of similarity and relevance, patch-corridor- matrix model in landscape ecology coincide with Feng Shui "observing "Qi due to form" philosophy, both advocate transform the functional issue into the structured one. The article analyzes the elements and running mechanism of Feng Shui cultural ecology system, and put forward the evaluation index of the system. Using entropy theory to propose initial formula concept of Feng Shui cultural eco-system.In conclusion, Hongcun, Xidi, Nanxi and Nanping village as the representative of the ancient villages in southern Anhui,fully embodies the ecological concept of "integration of man and nature" in Feng Shui culture. It also has some good ecological effects in the modern landscape ecology. Studying the cultural and ecological pattern and characteristics of ancient village can help to strengthen the conservation and planning of ancient settlements, and fulfill the concept of sustainable and harmonious development between man and nature.