Research On The Marx And Engels' Thought Of Land Public Ownership And Its Application And Development In China

Building a well-off society fully is the first goal of one hundred year set by the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out the "Thirteenth Five" period is the critical period to build comprehensive well-off society,the most arduous task of building well-off society in rural areas.Thus,rural population out of poverty is the most arduous task of building a well-off society.The key to achieving the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way is how to make breakthrough in the shortcomings of rural areas.The proposal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the formulation of the thirteenth five-year plan for national economic and social development adopted by the Fifth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed to deepen the reform of the rural land system and regarded the reform as a principle of the "Thirteenth Five" period,which is great significant to promote rural reform and develop agricultural productive forces.Marx and Engels' thought of land public ownership provided theoretical guidance for the rural land reform and the moderate scale management of land.After the establishing of new China,especially after the completion of the land reform movement,the Communist Party of China,with the guidance of Marx and Engels' land public ownership,creatively developed the Marx and Engels' land public ownership and innovated the effective implementation form of the land public ownership based on the development level of China's agricultural productive forces at different stages.In this process,some relevant theoretical results were formed which guided China's agricultural modernization and the construction of new socialist countryside,and achieved remarkable success.However,with the development of China's agricultural productivity,the shortcomings of China's existing household contract management system have been highlighted.To a certain extent,it hindered the further development of agricultural productivity and the realization rural comprehensive well-off society.Therefore,the study of Marx and Engels' thought of land public ownership and its application in our country is not only possible to deepen the study of Marxist theory.At the same time,exploring the experience of Marx and Engels' public ownership of land in our country can provide ideas to deepen the reform of rural land system in China,to explore the effective form of land public ownership,to liberate and develop agricultural productive forces.Finally,we can promote the process of agricultural modernization,consolidate the material basis to build well-off society and come true "Chinese dream" of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.This paper is split into the following four parts:The first part is the background and theoretical source of Marx and Engels' thought of public ownership of land.This paper analyzes the background of Marx and Engels' land public ownership from three aspects which are the emergence and initial development of capitalist agricultural production method,the contradiction between the peasant class and the bourgeoisie and the heated debate on the land issue in the first international period.Combining with analyzing the Classical Political Economist' thought of land state ownership and Utopian Socialist' thought of land public ownership,this paper discusses the theoretical sources of Marx and Engels' thought of land public ownership.The second part is the main content of Marx and Engels' thought of land public ownership.This paper hackles the analysis of the duality of land private ownership by Marx and Engels.Then this paper analyses the reasons,principles and measures of transforming land private ownership into public ownership,and discusses how to manage the public land.The third part is the application and development of Marx and Engels' thought of land public ownership in our country.This paper explores the three stages of the application and development of Marx and Engels' thought of land public ownership in China which is according to the rural land system reform process taken place after the establishment of the new China,especially after the completion of the land reform movement.The first stage is that the Chinese Communist Party established rural land collective ownership on the basis of the Marx and Engels' thought of land public ownership mainly from 1953 to 1978.The second stage is that the Chinese Communist Party implemented and gradually improved the household contract responsibility system according to the actual level of China's agricultural productivity mainly from 1978 to 2008.The third stage is that the Chinese Communist Party has been carrying out the land transference according to the new problems encountered in the development of China's agricultural production mainly from 2008 to nowadays.The fourth part is the experience of exerting and developing Marx and Engels' thought of land public ownership in China.This paper summarizes the experience of using Marx and Engels' thought of land public ownership to guide the reform of rural land system in China from mainly four aspects which include adhering to the nature of rural land collective ownership,innovating the land public ownership form based on the actual situation of our country,upholding people-oriented to innovate the form of land public ownership and promoting the appropriate scale of utilizing land with the country's support and help.