Study On The Land Thought Of Marx And Engels And Its Sinicization

The land thought of Marx and Engels was formed from the middle of the 19 th century to the end of the 19 th century.When Marx and Engels criticized the irrationality of capitalist land rent,they gradually realized that the premise of the emergence of capitalist land rent was private ownership,and only by using such means as land nationalization and agricultural cooperation to establish socialist land public ownership on the basis of realizing the dictatorship of the proletariat,and the land revenue can be shared by all the people,could the situation of workers being exploited be changed.Marx and Engels established the theory of land revolution to solve the problem of how to realize the dictatorship of the proletariat.In this theory,the reasonable solution to the problem of peasants' land is regarded as the link to realize the alliance of workers and peasants,and the alliance of workers and peasants is regarded as the cornerstone to realize the dictatorship of the proletariat.The differences between the land systems of the representative countries in Europe and the United States and those of the eastern countries were compared horizontally by Marx and Engels on the basis of their historical environment,and the viewpoint that different countries should choose appropriate land systems and socialist transformation methods according to their basic national conditions was put forward.In addition,the relationship between land and the development of human society was studied from the vertical perspective of the development of human history,and the important influence of the change of land ownership on the development of human history was analyzed.This is the embodiment of the integrity of the land thought of Marx and Engels.Chinese revolution and construction are deeply influenced by the land thought of Marx and Engels.In a certain sense,the process of the new democratic revolution and socialist construction led by the Communist Party of China can be called the process in which the Sinicization of the land thought of Marx and Engels is continuously promoted and deepened at the level of theory and practice.During the period from the founding of the Communist Party of China in 1921 to the end of the land reform movement in 1952,the land thought of Marxism was creatively combined with the specific reality of the Chinese revolution by the Communist Party of China represented by Mao Zedong,China's national conditions since modern times have been profoundly analyzed,solving the problem of farmers' land has been regarded as the basic task of the Chinese revolution,and the phased land policy has been implemented in time,thus the great practice of the land revolution has been successfully carried out.At that time,in the context of China's entering the period of socialist transformation,in urban areas,the Communist Party of China realized the nationalization of land,in rural areas,it guided farmers to carry out mutual assistance and cooperation,the private ownership of farmers' land was transformed into collective ownership,and finally the socialist land public ownership was realized in China.The road of socialism with Chinese characteristics was opened up by the Communist Party of China after the reform and opening up.Solving the problem of farmers' land was still the initial entry point of this road,which aimed to explore the land policy suitable for China's national conditions and actively promote the double-layer management system based on "family contracted management" and "integration of unification and separation",so that the separation of land ownership and contract management rights was realized,the land rights of individual farmers were strengthened,the enthusiasm of farmers' production was aroused,and the rapid development of rural productivity was promoted in a certain period.After Socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era,the socialist market became a decisive factor in the allocation of resources,the transfer speed of the right of management of the contracted land of farmers was obviously accelerated,and the development of moderate scale operation became a trend.The separation of ownership,contracting right and management right was creatively implemented by the Communist Party of China for farmland,the property right relationship between contracted farmers and actual operators was refined and clarified,and the sharing of land rights by farmers' collective,contracted farmers and new agricultural management subjects was realized,which fully reflected the benign practice of new era expediting new theory and new theory leading new practice.The consciousness of the Communist Party of China in theoretical innovation and the characteristics of seeking truth from facts in practical exploration were highlighted.This paper is mainly divided into five chapters,focusing on the whole historical process of the germination,formation,improvement,follow-up practice and development of Marx and Engels' land thought.By putting Marx,Engels,Lenin and the communist party of China's discourse on the issue of land in a specific historical context to interpret,further discusses the integrity and its internal logic of Marx and Engels land thought,detailed discusses the Sinicization of Marxist land thought and its theoretical achievements,fully explores the realistic enlightenment of Marx and Engels' land thought to China's current land system reform.The chapters are summarized as follows:In the first chapter,the background,theoretical origin and forming process of the land thought of Marx and Engels are discussed.In the second chapter,the basic content of the land thought of Marx and Engels is elaborated comprehensively.In the third chapter,Lenin's inheritance and development of the land thought of Marx and Engels are mainly discussed.In the fourth chapter,the Sinicization of Marxist land thought and its theoretical achievements are mainly studied.The solution to the realistic problem is the focus of the theoretical research.The fifth chapter discusses the realistic enlightenment of Marx and Engels' land thought.Marx and Engels pointed out that the land problem is the core problem that can not be avoided in the process of economic and social development of any country,because the land occupation and the stability of land relations fundamentally determine the balance and stability of the whole social class and interest structure,and then determine the degree of consolidation of the ruling class.At present,the three pairs of contradictions faced by the rural land system,namely,the contradiction between collective ownership of land and clear property rights,the contradiction between efficiency and fairness,and the contradiction between planning and market,are the concentrated embodiment of China's land problems.On the basis of insisting that the nature of the public ownership of land should not be changed,the red line of cultivated land should not be broken,and the interests of farmers should not be damaged,the mode of using land for development should be abandoned and the sound operation pattern of land assets should be established,so that the rural land system that meets the needs of social development is constructed in the continuous reform of the land in response to the time,so as to promote the reasonable solution of these contradictions.