Study On The Urban Public Transport Subsidy Model And Mechanism

Urban public transport(UPT)is essential infrastructure of national economy and people's livelihood,which is indispensable to the harmonious development of urban economy basic services.To meet the travel needs of urban residents and alleviate the urban traffic congestion,country vigorously develop the UPT priority strategy,low fare policy implementation,but with the bus companies increased operating costs,the enterprise loss is serious.To make up for the loss of the government welfare and mandatory task,countries clearly put forward defining reasonable losses and giving appropriate subsidies.So in the transport management,how to calculate the cost reasonably,how to determine the appropriate public welfare tickets,how to formulate subsidy policy,how to design compensation mechanism,it become the main problem with the government to implement public transport subsidies,it is also the main research purpose in this paper.Firstly,this paper analysis the UPT research background,summarizes its development present situation,development trend and problems,collects and organize related literature at home and abroad,summarizes the subsidies related research,and expounds the necessity and importance of government subsidies.Secondly,under the perspective of transit enterprises loss,it is necessary to carry the UPT subsidies.And this paper summarizes the subsidies methods,and finally explains the costs of regulation and principal-agent theory of public transport subsidies.Thirdly,based on the principle of cost regulation,determined to develop and manage cost regulation scheme of relevant management agencies.And it identifies cost regulation principles and methods,also determines the regulation of UPT cost plan and index system,puts forward bus unit cost index,and provides the basis for cost control,scientific pricing regulation and subsidies to measure.Fourthly,this paper establishes subsidy model to determine the optimal pricing and the optimal marginal subsidies for the social welfare maximization.From the perspective of internal rate of return,it studies government subsidy measure of investment decision.Then on the basis of bus regulation cost,build subsidies calculation model,research reasonable return of profit margins on subsidy model.Based on the research of Ningxia Shizuishan public transport operational system reform and financial evaluation,each model example is calculated and analyzed.Finally according to the research of Ningxia Shizuishan public transport operational system reform,design the compensation mechanism,determines the scope of subsidies,funding sources,mechanism operation framework and measuring process.,and put forward the suggestions for public transport industry management.