An Empirical Study On The Effect Of Urban Informal Employment On Laborers' Happiness

In the background of the labor market transformation and employment pressure continues to increase,China's urban informal employment is continuing to expand,informal employment will also become an important form of employment.In previous studies,scholars tend to pay more attention to the differences in wages and incomes between informal workers and formal workers,but ignore the impact of different types of employment on the non-monetary returns of workers.Happiness is a comprehensive manifestation of non-monetary returns of workers,to enhance the happiness of residents is also the ultimate end of China's social and economic development,so the concern for the informal labor's happiness has become the meaning of economic research.Firstly,the article summarizes the previous research on the basis of the relevant concepts were explained.And reviews and combates the literature on the impact of informal employment on the happiness of laborers,pointing out the possible mechanism of informal employment affecting the happening of laborers,and also explores the problems in the existing research and the problems that need to be solved so as to provide a basis for the empirical study later.Secondly,the article analyzes the current situation of urban informal employment and the happiness of laborers in China,and the results show that the level of urban informal employment in China is high,and it has relationship between informal employment and their happiness.But it has heterogeneity in the informal employment group,and the happiness of "informal employment" and "informal self-employment" is also different.Thirdly,based on the data of Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS),this paper analyzes the impact of informal employment in China on the happiness of laborers.Because of the "self-selectivity" of informal employment and the "selective bias",which affects the measurement results,the article uses the propensity score matching method(PSM)as the main method of empirical research,thus weakening the choice of measurement process Sexual deviation problem.In the aspect of research,this paper also divides the informal employment into two kinds of informal employment forms: "informal employment" and "informal self-employment",respectively,to analyze the heterogeneity of informal employment groups.The results of empirical analysis show that informal employment is an important factor affecting the happinessof laborers.On the whole,the level of happiness of informal workers is significantly lower than that of regular employment.However,in the heterogeneity of the study,the study found that only engaged in informal employment of workers,their sense of well-being will be significantly reduced,while the level of self-employed works with the formal works and no significant difference.In order to explore the reason that informal employment affects the happiness of laborers,this paper analyzes the effects from four aspects: contract security effect,social security effect,working duration effect and work income effect.It is found that labor contract protection,social security level and work income have a significant positive effect on the happiness of laborers,and the increase of working time is obviously reduced the happiness of laborers.The employment contract rate of non-formal employment and the insured rate of social insurance are significantly lower than those of formal employment,and the working time of informal workers is longer,which seriously damages the happiness of informal workers.For informal employees,they have lower hourly wages,and the increase in working hours increases the income disadvantage of the workers' work,resulting in their well-being far lower than other types of employed persons.Rather than the self-employed hours of higher wages,the extension of working hours to enlarge the self-employed job income advantage,the positive effect of income increases offset by the impact of other negative factors,resulting in informal self-employed happiness has not been significantly damaged.Finally,according to the conclusion,this article gives some relevant policy suggestions from the aspects of promoting the normalization of the labor market and raising the happiness of the laborers.