Restoration Of The Transportation Line On The Silk Road In The 13th-14th Century

Silk Road is a traffic network system which composed of numerous traffic lines.In broad sense,the Silk Road includes the sea Silk Road,the land Silk Road,the Plateau Silk Road,the grassland Silk Road,the South Silk Road and other road systems.In the narrow sense,the Silk Road Mainly refers to the land Silk Road,it is a road network which from Guanzhong to the west by the Hexi Corridor,Tianshan Mountains,Central Asia,West Asia and other places to Europe.This article is mainly concerned with the narrow sense of the Silk Road,that is,on changes of the land Silk Road traffic.Since the Silk Road has been smooth in the Western Han Dynasty,Silk Road experienced in two prosperous period:the Western Han and Eastern Han dynasties,Sui and Tang dynasties,that provides the conditions in commerce,culture,science and technology and other aspects between East and West.In the Five Dynasties and the two Song Dynasties,because many political power were along the Silk Road,traffic has been interrupted.Until the Mongolian rise and swept the Eurasian continent,the smoothness of traffic in Silk Road has been greatly improved,which entered another prosperity period.In 13 to 14 century,most parts of the regime along the Silk Road were controlled by Mongolians,the traffic of Silk Road in this period were carried out under the leadership of Mongolians.The traffic of Silk Road from 13 to 14 century can be experienced to two stages:the early and late 13th century,the early 14th century.From Fengyuan(the ancient Changan)to the west,the traffic of Silk Road not only continued the communication lines of previous generation,but also opened up some new lines of communication.The traffic line of Silk Road from 13 to 14 century consists of numerous main branch line.During this period,affected by the war and other factors,the development and the opening time of traffic lines in different regions have significant differences.From 13 to 14 century,there were a large number of cities,villages and towns,Inn,pass and other distribution along the Silk Road,,most of them continued the location of the previous generation,such as Feng Yuan,Bishbaliq,Tabriz and etc,a few places have moved,Such as Samarkand,Tirmid and etc.Through researching and positioning in detail,the locations of most places can be displayed on the map.Those places have different kinds and sizes,they are traffic points of the Silk Road.From 13 to 14 century,there were a large number of trunk roads in Silk Road.In the eastern section of the Silk Road,Fengyuan to Lanzhou,Fengyuan to Xining,Fengyuan to Lingzhou,Lingzhou to Shazhou and other roads were most important.In the middle of the Silk Road,the three main roads in the Western Regions were the most important roads,they can be divided into three parts:north,middle and south.At the west of Tianshan Mountains,the Chinchat Road,the road from Badakhshan to Indian River and etc were the main roads in this area.The trunk roads are the main body of traffic network in the Silk Road,them generally connected to the more important cities and regions,which have a detailed record in the History and travels,it can be clearly verified and to identify the recovery.In these main roads,there are a large number of feeder roads exist.Relative to the main road,there are less records,personnel,and the mileage is shorter.By connecting the main road and remote areas,feeder road make traffic network of Silk Road become more completly,the study of those roads is particularly important too.Through positioning on the traffic points,lines by Google earth and analysis by Arcgis,the development of Silk Road traffic during this period and the road direction can be clearly displayed.The smooth passage of the Silk Road between the 13th and 14th centuries makes the exchanges between the East and the West more convenient.It can be seen in the history that the East and West envoys,travelers,missionaries,businessmen and so on has a large number.From 13 to 14 century,Mongolian empire in the Eurasian continent established an accessible post road system to ensure that the decree issued by the release,post road is one of the main nature of the Silk Road traffic.In addition to restore the Silk Road traffic network,the ferry routes and post road traffic lines which have great relationship with the Silk Road traffic are also been restored.This article intends to pass the 13-14 century Silk Road along the traffic points,lines,after the restoration to be restored,and make a clear show on traffic of Silk Road in this period ultimately.