| With the development of science and technology,artificial intelligence will play an increasingly important role in the fields of production and life.However,with the development of science and technology,there will be “machine exclusion workers”.As a populous country,China must start with raising the level of labor supply and deal with the relationship between science and technology development and the labor force,so as to reduce the reduction in demand for labor by the development of science and technology.However,in the previous studies,there was no specific measurement of the total factor productivity of the development of science and technology,and the relationship between the development of science and technology and the supply of labor was not further analyzed.The study on how to increase the level of labor supply was not thorough enough.Therefore,this paper attempts to research the relationship between the development of science and technology and the labor force based on the total factor productivity of the development of science and technology,in order to provide objective suggestions for the promotion of labor supply in China and promote the coordinated development of science and technology and labor.Firstly,using the input and output of technology as variables,the Malmquist Index for the development of science and technology in each region from 2008 to 2016 is calculated on the premise of constant returns to scale.Secondly,the Malmquist index of technological development is used as the core explanatory variable.Based on the panel data of provinces and citied from 2008 to 2016,a dynamic panel model is constructed.Using the GMM estimation of the two-step system,the effect of science and technology development in each province on labor demand is calculated,and then Industrial heterogeneity and regional heterogeneity are analyzed separately.Third,in order to further analyze the relationship between the development of science and technology and the labor force,a comprehensive evaluation system for science and technology development and labor supply was constructed,and the development level of the two were evaluated.Finally,the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree of the comprehensive index of science and technology development and labor supply are analyzed.Through empirical analysis,the following main conclusions are drawn:(1)The Malmquist index in Jilin,Hainan,Qinghai,Gansu,and Ningxia regions fluctuates considerably,while the Malmquist index remains stable in other regions.(2)From a global perspective,there is a significant negative correlation between technological development and labor demand.(3)From the perspective of industrial heterogeneity,technological development has a negative impact on the labor demand of the secondary and tertiary industries,and it has the greatest negative impact on the secondary industry,but it has a positive impact on the labor demand of the primary industry.(4)From the perspective of regional heterogeneity,the development of science and technology has a negative impact on labor demand in the eastern,central and western regions,with the least impact on the eastern part and the similar impact on the central and western parts.(5)The comprehensive index for the development of science and technology has developed rapidly this year,and the development rate has far exceeded the comprehensive index of labor supply.(6)The combined index of scientific and technological development and labor supply both the degree of coupling and the degree of coupling coordination have been rising in recent year,but they are always in a state of antagonism and incompatibility.According to the research conclusions,the following policy recommendations are proposed in order to improve the labor supply level in China:(1)Optimize the talent cultivation structure(2)Strengthen on-the-job training(3)Increase the investment in human capital(4)Build a new talent development platform. |
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