Study On The Relationship Between Economic Development And Ambient Air Quality In China’s Economic Zones And Capital Cities From 2014 To 2017

Objectives:In 2012,China began to adopt the Air Quality Index to replace the air pollution index and conduct comprehensive monitoring and evaluation of the ambient air quality fully.At present,there are few studies on the use of air quality index to evaluate air quality,and most of the research focused on a single city.There is less research on the distribution of air quality in the national or large regional environment.In the face of the current urgent situation in which China’s current air pollution situation is constantly changing,it is necessary to use the latest data and indicators to analyze the distribution characteristics of China’s current ambient air quality and explore the relationship between economic development and ambient air quality.Based on this,this study analyzes the development trends and regional distribution characteristics of atmospheric pollutants in different economic regions and capital cities in China from 2014 to 2017.It is hoped that China’s economic zone and provincial capital will propose economic development in the future,build social ecological civilization,and achieve reliable development of green development,and provide targeted reference opinions on air pollution prevention in economic zones and capital cities.Methods:The data collected by using EXCEL software.The comparison of AQI annual averages over four years in each economic zone and the correlation analysis between AQI and atmospheric pollutants in each economic zone were performed using Kruskal-Wallis H non-parametric rank sum test and Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis by SPSS22.0software.Quantitative analysis of the relationship between AQI and economic impact factors in each economic zone was performed using grey correlation analysis by MATLAB software,Results:Part I:Index of Ambient Air Quality in Economic Zones and Provincial Capital Cities.1.More than half of the city’s AQI declined or increased first and then declined after four years.The four-year indexes of nine cities such as Beijing were all>100.The air quality was grade III.They belonged to mild pollution and they more polluted than other provincial capital cities.The air quality index in Haikou and Yinchuan had an upward trend for four years.However,the average value of the four-year index in Haikou was 43,which was better than other capital cities.It was the capital city with the best air quality in China in four years.2.The air pollution in the northern coastal areas and the middle of the Yellow River was more serious than that in other economic zones,and the ambient air quality rated at level III,which was light pollution.The four-year air quality in other economic zones was Grade II,with the best air quality in the southern coastal areas.With the passage of time,the AQI in the middle of the Yellow River had been increasing year by year.The AQI in other economic regions shown a downward trend or remain unchanged.According to the monthly analysis,AQI in other economic regions exhibited"U"-shaped curves excepting southern coastal areas.The specific performance was as follows:January-March and October-December AQI high peak interval,April-September AQI low valley interval.3.The AQI in each economic zone had positively related with PM_2.5,PM₁₀,SO₂,CO,and NO₂,respectively.The northern coastal areas,the northeastern regions,the middle of the Yellow River,and the northwestern regions had negative correlations between AQI and O₃.In the northern coastal areas and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,the AQI had the greatest correlation with PM_2.5.The AQIs in other economic regions had the greatest correlation with PM₁₀,while the correlations between AQI and O₃ in the southern coastal areas was significantly higher than other economic regions.Part II:Annual and monthly distribution characteristics of atmospheric pollutants in various economic zones and capital cities.1.The annual average values of PM_2.5 concentration in the three cities of Urumqi,Yinchuan and Lhasa were increasing year by year.The four-year annual average of PM_2.5 concentration in five provincial capital cities,such as Shijiazhuang,approached or exceeded twice the secondary standards.With the exception of the northwest region,the annual average value of PM_2.5concentrations in other economic regions had been decreasing year by year.The monthly mean value of PM_2.5 in each economic zone showed the characteristic of“U”type curve.In winter and autumn,it was the high peak value of PM_2.5.In spring and summer,it was the PM_2.5 low value range.2.The annual average value of PM₁₀ concentration in Yinchuan,Lanzhou,Harbin,Taiyuan,and Hohhot increased year by year,or decreased first and then increased.Other capital cities showed a tendency to decrease year-by-year or unchanged.The four-year annual averages of Shijiazhuang,Jinan,Zhengzhou,Xi’an,and Urumqi were close to or more than twice the secondary standards.The annual average value of PM₁₀ concentration in other economic regions had been decreasing year by year excepting northwestern region.The monthly mean value of PM₁₀ in each economic zone generally showed the characteristics of“U”-shaped curve.From January to May and October to December,it was the PM₁₀ high-peak interval.From June to September,it was the PM₁₀ trough-value interval.Each economic zone would appear a small peak in March.3.The annual average value of SO₂ concentration in Haikou and Lanzhou showed a trend of increasing year-by-year or decreasing first and then rising.Other cities showed a decreasing trend year by year.The four-year annual average was only Taiyuan exceeded the secondary standard,and Shijiazhuang,Jinan,Shenyang and Yinchuan were close to the secondary standard.The annual average value of SO₂ concentration in the eight major economic regions showed a decreasing trend year by year,and the four-year average in Northeast China was higher than other economic regions.The monthly mean value of SO₂ in each economic zone showed a typical"U"-type curve characteristic,and there was a clear sudden decrease.4.The annual mean value of CO concentration in Harbin and Changchun showed an increasing trend year by year,while other cities showed a trend of rising first,then decreasing,or decreasing year by year.The northeastern region had been rising year by year,the northwest region had remained unchanged for four years,and other regions had been declining year by year.The monthly mean value of CO concentration in each economic zone showed the characteristics of a"U"type curve.5.The annual average value of NO₂ concentration in more than half of the cities showed the trend of decreasing first,then rising,or increasing year by year.More than half of cities had annual average values exceeding the secondary standard limit.The annual average value of NO₂concentration in the eastern coastal areas and the northeast regions showed a decreasing trend,while other economic regions showed a tendency of increasing year by year or remained constant.The monthly mean value of NO₂ concentration in each economic zone generally showed the characteristics of a"U"type curve.A small peak would appear in all economic zones in March.6.The annual average value of O₃ concentration in Wuhan,Lhasa,Chengdu,Nanning and Guiyang showed a trend of first increase and then decrease,while other cities showed the trend of decrease first,then increase,or increase year by year.The annual average value of O₃concentration in the eight major economic regions were increasing year by year.The monthly mean value of O₃ in each economic zone showed a typical"inverted U"curve characteristic,and there was a clear sudden decrease.PartⅢ:Analysis of the correlation between air quality and economic factors in various economic regions and capital cities.The two major economic factors affecting the ambient air quality in the northern coastal areas were the per capita GDP and the value added of the tertiary industry.Beijing was the value added of the tertiary industry,Tianjin was the GDP per capita,and Shijiazhuang and Jinan were the value added of the secondary industry.The economic factor that affecting the ambient air quality in the eastern coastal areas was the value added of the secondary industry.Nanjing and Hangzhou were the value added of the secondary industry.Shanghai was the added value of the tertiary industry.The two major economic influencing factors affecting the ambient air quality in the southern coastal areas were the value added of the secondary industry and GDP per capita.Fuzhou and Guangzhou were per capita GDP.Haikou was the value added of second industry.The economic factor that affecting the ambient air quality in Northeast China was the value added of the secondary industry.Changchun and Shenyang were the value added of the primary industry;Harbin was the value added of the secondary industry.The economic factor that affecting the ambient air quality in the middle of the Yangtze River was the value added of the secondary industry.Hefei was the value added of the primary industry.The other three cities were the value added of the secondary industry.The most important economic factor affecting the ambient air quality in the middle of the Yellow River was the value added of the secondary industry.Taiyuan and Hohhot were the value added of the primary industry;Zhengzhou and Xi’an were the value added of the secondary industry.The main economic factor affecting the ambient air quality in the northwest region was the value added of the secondary industry.Xining was the value added of the primary industry;Yinchuan and Lhasa were the value added of the tertiary industry;the other two cities were strongly relate to the value added of the secondary industry.The main economic factor affecting the ambient air quality in the Southwest was the value added of the secondary industry.Nanning and Guiyang were the value added primary industry.Chengdu was the GDP per capita,the other three cities were strongly related to the value added of the secondary industry.Conclusions:1.China’s ambient air quality had improved year by year.However,regional pollution was obviously distributed from 2014 to 2017.2.The major atmospheric pollutants in China were still PM₁₀ and PM_2.5,but the complex atmospheric pollution caused by O₃ and NO₂ was even more serious.3.The economic factors that affect China’s environmental air quality were mainly secondary industry.Therefore,in promoting the construction of ecological civilization and achieving green development,we should accelerate the adjustment of the industrial structure.