The Terrestrial Vertebrate Resources Survey And Diversity Analysis In Guangxi Wanggangshan Nature Reserve

The Guangxi Wanggangshan Nature Reserve was established in July,2015.As a forest-type nature reserve,it mainly protects the ecosystems of Northern Tropical Seasonal Rainforest and Mountain Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest,as well as rare and endangered wild animals and plants.At present,there are many existing or potential threats to the biological diversity and other nature resources of Wanggangshan Nature Reserve,including tourism activities,production and life in surrounding communities,and artificial forest planting.According to present data,there is no basic research on wildlife in Wanggangshan Nature Reserve,while the study on the diversity of terrestrial vertebrates in Wanggangshan Nature Reserve can reveal the regularity of the species diversity of terrestrial vertebrates,analyze the characteristics of fauna,which is of great significance for biodiversity conservation and rational development and utilization of resources.The thesis is based on the investigation of terrestrial vertebrate resources in Guangxi Wanggangshan Nature Reserve and the analysis of species diversity by G-F index.The conclusion is as follows.(1)There are abundant terrestrial vertebrate resources in Wanggangshan Nature Reserve.193 species of terrestrial vertebrate are recorded,which belong to 149 genera,75 families,22 orders,and 4 classes.Among them,there are 18 species of mammals belonging to 16 genera,12 families,and 6 orders,122 species of birds belonging to 87 genera,44 families,and 13 orders,39 species of reptilians belonging to 36 genera,13 families,and 2 orders,and 14 species of amphibians belonging to 10 genera,6 families,and 1 order.(2)One species is under national first-class protection,19 species under national second-class protection,59 species in the list of key protected animal of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,and some of species have important protective significance in Wanggangshan Nature Reserve.In the reserve,the raptors of the orders of Accipitriformes,Falconiformes and Tytonidae,such as Accipiter trivirgatus,Accipiter virgatus,and Falco tinnunculus,etc.,are located at the top of the food chain and feed on frogs,snakes,fish,birds and so on.They are under national second-class protection and important to the whole ecological environment and the protection of these species is of great significance.(3)Among the terrestrial vertebrates recorded in Wanggangshan Nature Reserve,1 species is listed in the appendix I of CITIS and 23 species are listed in the appendix II of CITIS;3 species are listed in Red List of China's Vertebrates as critically endangered categories,10 species are listed as endangered categories,10 species are listed as vulnerable categories and 11 species are listed as near threatened categories.The number of rare and endangered species in the reserve is continuously declining due to the threat of habitat destruction and hunting.Some species of significant economic value,such as Platysterninae megacephalum,Cuora trifasciata,Hystrix hodgsoni,Muntiacus vaginalis,Muntiacus reevesi,etc.,are so few that they are almost extinct.During the investigation,the habitats of the shrubs in the reserve were destroyed to some extent by the burning of cultivated land or the planting of some economic forests.The disturbance of human activities is great,which is unfavourable to the survival of the rare and endangered species in the reserve.Therefore,it is urgent to strengthen the protection of habitats which is better to protect these rare and endangered species.(4)The fauna of 193 species of terrestrial vertebrates is complex in Wanggangshan Nature Reserve.There are 152 species belonging to Oriental realm,35 species belonging to Palearctic realm,6 species belonging to widespread ones,which occupy respectively 78.76%,18.13%,and 3.11%of the total species in the nature reserve.There are 122 species belonging to South China Region,29 species belonging to Central China Region and 1 species belonging to widespread ones among the Oriental realm.The fauna of Wanggangshan Nature Reserve is dominated by the South China Region of Oriental realm,with a few representative species of Central China Region and Palearctic realm,which reflect the characteristics of mutual infiltration of animals in the North and South regions,as well as the complexity of the composition and evolution history of the fauna in the reserve.The thesis compares the fauna of mammal in Wanggangshan Nature Reserve with that in Damingshan Nature Reserves,the fauna of birds with Nonggang,Bangliang and Damingshan Nature Reserves,the fauna of amphibians and reptiles with Shiwandashan,Nonggang,Cenwanglaoshan,Longtan,Yuanbaoshan and Maoershan Nature Reserves.The result of average faunal resemblance analysis suggests that the mammal fauna of Wanggangshan Nature Reserve is peripherally related to that of Damingshan Nature Reserves,the birds fauna of Wanggangshan Nature Reserve is closely related to Bangliang and Damingshan Nature Reserves,and the amphibians and reptiles fauna of Wanggangshan Nature Reserve is closely related to Shiwandashan and Nonggang Nature Reserves.(5)The species diversity of terrestrial vertebrates in Wanggangshan Nature Reserve is measured by the G-F index and compared with that of mammals in Damingshan Nature Reserve,birds in Nonggang,Bangliang and Damingshan Nature Reserve,amphibians and reptiles in Shiwandashan,Nonggang,Cenwanglaoshan,Longtan,Yuanbaoshan and Maoershan Nature Reserve.There are less mammal species and lower degree of species diversity of mammals in Wanggangshan Nature Reserve than those in Damingshan Nature Reserve;In the four reserves,the number of bird species in Wanggangshan and the G-F index are less than those in Nonggang,Bangliang and Damingshan Nature Reserve,but all of G-F index are above 0.7,and the species diversity of the four reserves are rich.In Wanggangshan,Shiwandashan,Nonggang,Cenwanglaoshan,Longtan,Yuanbaoshan and Maoershan Nature Reserve,the G-F index of the amphibians in Longtan Nature Reserve is the lowest(0.0093),and that in Shiwandashan Nature Reserve is the highest(0.5688).The G-F index of Wanggangshan Nature Reserve is close to that in Longtan Nature Reserve(0.0647),so the degree of amphibians species diversity is low in Wanggangshan Nature Reserve.The G-F index of the reptiles in Maoershan Nature Reserve is the lowest(0.2941),which is the highest(0.6238)in Longtan Nature Reserve,and the other five are close to Longtan Nature Reserve.So the reptiles species diversity is high in Wanggangshan Nature Reserve.The diversity of bird species in Wanggangshan Nature Reserve is the highest,followed by reptiles,amphibians and mammals.Among the 122 species of birds,there are 45 species of migratory birds,accounting for 36.89%of the total number of birds in the reserve,including 23 species of summer migratory birds,accounting for 18.85%of the total number of birds in the reserve,and 22 species of winter migratory birds,accounting for 18.03%.Wanggangshan Nature Reserve has become one of the important resting points for migratory birds during their migration.Through the investigation of terrestrial vertebrate resources in the Wanggangshan Nature Reserve,the basic data of terrestrial vertebrate resources in the reserve are mastered so that basic research data can be provided for the protection of the ecosystem and vertebrate resources in the reserve.In the end,some measures for protecting wildlife are suggested according to the current situation of the reserve.