Prefering And Usitilization Of Birds For Vegetation Habitat In Yuanmingyuan

With the acceleration of urbanization,the original ecological services of cities as bird habitats have been destroyed or even lost Urban parks have become important bird habitats,and the vegetation community significantly affects bird diversity in parks.This research was carried out in Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park In this study,the plant community and its phenological phase,the bird community and its seasonal change and distribution characteristics were investigated.The relationship between the vegetation community structure and bird diversity was analyzed,in order to clarify the preference selection and utilization of bird function guild for vegetation habitat in this park,trying to build appropriate vegetation habitate for bird and strengthen ecological service function.The vegetation was investigated using quadrate method in 2017-201 8.There were 252 plant species in the park.The monthly change of flowing,fruiting and pest occurring of plant in the park were signicantly different(P<0.05).The diversity of arbor and herbaceous plants was relatively high and their spatial distribution was even within the park.Whereas,the diversity of shrub plants was low and uneven.There were 149 available plant species for bird in the park,including 115 food-brone species for bird Moreover,the vegetation habitats of Yuanmingyuan could be divided into five kinds of type:tall deciduous arbor community,evergreen coniferous arbor community,conifer-broadleaf mixed community,ornamental medium/small abor or shrub community and wetland reed community according to the characteristics of plants and the availability of birds.The bird community in Yuanmingyuan was investigated using sample point method and line intercept method Thus,totally 107 bird species that were from 14 orders,37 families were recorded in the urban park.Migratory birds were dominant in terms of bird species in the park,whereas,resident birds were dominant in terms of bird abundance.The bird community was with the typical characteristics of the palaearctic boundary.Insectivorous birds and carnivorous birds were popular for Yuanmingyuan The dominant species of birds in the park are Passer montanus,C yanopica cyana,Pica pica and Anas datyrhynchos.Bird diversity vared with seasonal fluctuations,and the highest was in spring(0.79)while the lowest in the summer(0.65).The bird community was signicantly affected by the plant phenophase as well as plant species and the vegetation habitats(P<0.05).It was found that bird community preferred the habitat with great deciduous arbor or wetland with reeds.PCA was conducted to group bird community into six function guilds according to the residence type,habitat layer and feeding habit of birds.Among them,omnivorous resident bird guild was the dominant guild in Yuanmingyuan.Secondly,the insectivorous resident bird guild in arborous layer accounted more than 15%and evenly distributed in the park,and the guild did not vary with seasonal changes.The phytophagous migratory birds and carnivorous migratory birds in the water surface layer accounted for less than 1%,which varing with seasonal change and prefering to wetland habitat around Fuhai.The species number of insectivorous migratory bird guild in arborous layer was the highest,and the abundance of the guild varied obviously with seasonal change.Herbivorous migratory birds in arborous layer was low in abundance and with an obvious seasonal change rule.In conclusion,there were aggregation ability of abor was obvious but not shrub or herb for bird in Yuanyingyuan park Wet vegetation had and obvious attraction for aquatic birds,but the number was low.It suggested that the aquatic environment in Yuanmingyuan park played an important role for aquatic birds as an ecological corridor.