Ecological Environment Investigation And Evaluation Of Hong An Tian Tai Mountain Scenic Spot Based On Tourism Development

Taking the Tiantai Mountain Scenic Area in Hong' an County of Hubei Province as the research object,the coordination of tourism development and ecological protection as objectives,and by means of field investigation,analysis of ecological mechanism,methods of landscape ecology and 3S Technology.Through the investigation of the status of land use,plant resources,animal resources,aquatic ecological environment and ecosystem quality in Tiantai Mountain Scenic Area,the impact of tourism development on the ecological environment of Tiantai Mountain Scenic Area is evaluated,and reasonable tourism development suggestions and ecological protection measures are put forward.Those will promote the coordinated development of tourism development and ecological protection,and provide technical support for the formulation of tourism development strategies and ecological protection policies.(1)The planned control area of Tiantai Mountain Scenic Area is 86.48km2,which involves environmental sensitive areas such as Tiantaishan National Forest Park and Yanbaodi secondary drinking water source.The first-phase construction project plans 8 plots of land with an area of 65.08112.It will mainly construct the South Gate Distribution Center(Grade A),the Port of Sanshan Center(Grade B),Tiantai Mountain Scenic Area(the peak),the Love River-Hongfeng Valley Scenic Area,the Ginkgo Valley Scenic Area,Xiangshan Lake Scenic Area,Laojunshan Scenic Area,Jiuyan Mountain Scenic Area,etc.The main project content include road engineering,construction and landscape engineering,ancillary engineering,public auxiliary works,cableway,etc.The total investment of the project is 38.236 million yuan.(2)The area of Tiantai Mountain Scenic Area is the lowland and hilly forest ecological zone in northeastern Hubei Province.The ecological system includes forest ecosystem,irrigation and grassland ecosystem,agricultural ecosystem,village ecosystem and wetland ecosystem.The main ecological functions are water conservation,soil and water conservation and tourism resources development.The types of land used are:forest land accounts for 71.94%,shrubland accounts for 14.17%,farmland accounts for 8.36%,water area accounts for 2.66%,and construction land accounts for 2.87%.(3)The vegetation in the scenic spot is relatively abundant.There are 244 species of vascular plants belonging to 82 families,193 genera.Among them,7 families,8 genera and 9 species of ferns,5 families,9 genera and 11 species of gymnosperms,56 families,141 genera,177 Species of dicotyledons,and 14 families,35 genera and 47 species of monocotyledons.There are distributions of wild soybeans and ancient and famous trees which are wild plants under special state protection.There are 4 classes,22 orders,48 families and 93 species of terrestrial vertebrates,4 species of National grade II level protected wild animals,and 38 species of provincial-level protected wild animals in the scenic spot.(4)The impact of tourism development on the ecological environment of the scenic spot is mainly reflected in the foundation excavation,material transportation,land occupied by the waste slag yard,vegetation destruction,and dust,waste water,and noise generated during construction.Recovery stability and impedance stability were used to evaluate the quality of ecosystem tourism before and after development.The calculation results show that:from the perspective of recovery stability,the thermal productivity of Tiantai Mountain Scenic Area is 1904.7g/(m2 a)and the water productivity is 1507.3g/(mz a),the total vegetation biomass before the tourism development was 480241.41t,and the vegetation biomass is reduced by 2043.73t after the development,accounting for 0.42%of the total biomass in the entire scenic area.The impact of the construction operation of the scenic spot on the regional landscape system is within the limits of its ecological carrying capacity,so the stability of the ecosystem restoration is better.From the perspective of impedance stability,after the tourism development,the patch feature index of the scenic spot which are the number of patch and patch density in forest land,shrub land,and arable land all show an upward trend,and the fractal dimension decreased,but the changes of those are not significant.The landscape diversity index,evenness index,and dominance index are 0.9438,0.3417 and 1.8924 before development,and 0.9276,0.2036 and 1.6758 after development respectively.The landscape spatial configuration index of forest land,shrubland,cultivated land,water area,and construction land,are 0.0198,0.0214,0.0439,0.0015 and 0.0147 before development and 0,0199,0.0215,0.0441,0.0015 and 0.0144 after development.In short,from the changes of the patch characteristics index,diversity index,spatial configuration index and other changes,tourism development has a certain impact on the scenic ecosystem,but the impact is not significant,so the stability of the scenic ecosystem is better.(5)According to relevant management policies such as national forest parks,scenic spots,and drinking water sources and other related management policies,the core scenic spots,forest conservation areas,and water conservation areas will strictly control project construction.To this end,it is recommended that the first-phase construction project of Tiantai Mountain Scenic Area be properly adjusted,the core scenic area of Tiantai Mountain only be repaired,the Xiangshan Lake Project only do folk house conservation construction from the perspective of humanistic protection,and the cableway construction needs to be further demonstrated for site selection,line selection and quantity,to improve the construction program.(6)In summary,the tourism development of Tiantai Mountain Scenic Area has a certain impact on the ecological environment,but as long as the development plan is perfected,the construction is strictly and civilized,and the environmental management is strengthened,the impact of scenic spot tourism development on the ecological environment can be controlled within a certain range,so that the ecological system will not be produced.From the perspective of ecological protection,tourism development in Tiantai Mountain Scenic Area is feasible.