Study On Ecosystem Services Value And Ecological Compensation Criterion For Coastal Wetland In The Jiaozhou Bay

With unique ecological landscape,wetland is formed by the land and water ecosystem and is one of the three major ecosystems in the world.Besides,compared with other ecosystems,the ecological value of wetland is the highest.Jiaozhou Bay coastal wetland,the largest estuary bay wetland in the Shandong Peninsula,has been included in the "National List of important wetland protection".Unreasonable reclamation,overdevelopment of biological resources,and serious water pollution are the main factors that reduce the wetland area and degrade the ecosystem.As a typical representative of the development of urban wetlands in China,the various development and ecological problems faced by the coastal wetlands of Jiaozhou Bay have significant universality,and ecological compensation is an important means to solve the contradiction between social-economic development and ecosystem protection.At present,the ecological compensation mechanism of the study area has not been established.Ecological compensation research has just started,and has not yet formed a complete system.In this thesis,the ecological service value accounting system for ecological compensation is established based on the evaluation of the ecosystem service value of the study area,and the change of the wetland area and ecosystem services values in 2005,2010 and 2015 was analyzed.In doing so,the upper limit of the ecological compensation can be determined.Using the value of the survey results as the lower limit of ecological compensation,the ecological benefits of compensation standards can be ultimately determined,which can provide a scientific basis and decision support for the local government to establish a relatively complete ecological compensation policy and to further explore the practice of ecological compensation theory.The main contents and results were divided into the following two parts:The first part summarizes the relevant theoretical basis and the research progress at home and abroad,and puts forward a scientific evaluation index system which is established through the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and the importance index screening method.Then the dynamic value in the year of 2005,2010,and 2015 was evaluated to analyze the changes of its ecological service and related driving factors.According to the specific situation of the study area,the ecosystem services of Jiaozhou Bay coastal wetland were divided into three main categories,namely,provisioning,regulating,and cultural services.The main services of Jiaozhou Bay coastal wetland are climate regulation and provision of aquatic products,accounting for more than 90% of the total ecosystem service value.The main service category of Jiaozhou Bay coastal wetland is the regulating service,contributing more than 60% to the total ecosystem service value.Total value of ecosystem services for Jiaozhou Bay coastal wetland in 2005,2010,and 2015 was summed up to be 1419.73 × 10~7,1343.91 × 10~7,and 1239.23 × 10~7 RMB,respectively,showing a decreasing trend.The reduction in wetland area and the degradation of wetland function are the main factors leading to the downward trend in the service value of coastal wetland ecosystem in Jiaozhou Bay.Unreasonable reclamation,overdevelopment of biological resources,and severe pollution of water are the factors that result in the degradation of wetland.Adverse change in climate conditions is the natural factor contributing to the further deterioration of the wetland environment.In the second part,through the analysis of ecological compensation theory based on ecosystem service value and the explanation of some important theories and compensation principles and compensation amount,it is concluded that the ecosystem service value and residents' willingness survey of Jiaozhou Bay coastal wetland are determined to be the upper and lower limits of the ecological compensation.The upper limit of ecological compensation standard was calculated to be 3263.25 yuan/(mu·a)according to the reduction in the value of service value.According to the CVM method,we obtained the respondents' willingness to accept,and the lower limit of ecological compensation in the study area was estimated to be 2513.00 yuan/(mu·a).According to the ecological environment quality and social condition of Jiaozhou Bay wetland,the establishment of wetland protected areas,improvement of the sewage treatment and rational planning of land use are proposed to protect wetlands.Moreover,the appropriate compensation method of ecological compensation can also be applied,of cash compensation should be given priority and with the policy compensation subsidiary can be a supplementary,as well as technology and intelligence compensation.