| According to the problems faced in the ecological restoration process in Karst areas such as the failure to maintain the results of rocky desertification control,the low degree of community participation,and the difficulty of the formation of industrial scale,scientific issues such as the cultivation of rural professional cooperative economic organizations(hereinafter referred to as cooperatives),development of characteristic ecological industry scale,coordinated development of regional economy and rocky desertification ecological environment were taken as the main line to carry out the research in Guizhou plateau mountainous areas,which represent the overall structure of Karst ecological environment in southern China.Guanling-Zhenfeng demonstration area with middle-intensity rocky desertification problems in Huajiang and Salaxi demonstration area with potential-light rocky desertification problems in Bijie were selected as the study area.By using a combination of literature analysis and field research,and by means of in-depth interviews and questionnaires,research of the villages' socio-economic conditions and typical peasant households were carried out in the demonstration areas in October 2015.From 2016 to 2017,more than 20 cooperatives and more than 120 peasant households in the areas were surveyed and interviewed in depth for studying the conditions of natural geography and ecological economics.From the aspect of system integration and the importance of influencing factors,the internal mechanism between the cultivation of cooperatives and eco-industry in the process of Karst rocky desertification control was expounded.Based on the Actor-Network Theory(ANT),the mechanism of cooperatives and ecological industry development was revealed.And according to that mechanism,the model of cooperatives cultivation and ecological industry development was constructed,and demonstration results of the model were analyzed.1.The coupling system,formed by Karst rocky desertification environment,cooperatives and ecological industry,can repair the ecological environment with rocky desertification issues,while at the same time,extend the ecological industry chain with the opportunity of management and circular production,and promote regional economic development.However,the priority order of the influencing factors should be considered in the process of cultivating cooperatives and developing the ecological industry,whose importance was assessed by AHP method.It is found that the most important factor determining the development of cooperatives and eco-industry in A-B layer is ecological industry development,and the priority order was B3(0.637)> B1(0.258)> B2(0.105).In the B-C layer,C4(0.091)is the most important,and C19(0.005)is the least important,which represents the development fund and the management quality respectively.The preferred indicators in the B1-C layer are C4(Development funds),C9(Industrial income)and C14(Production scale).Respectively,the preferred indicators in the B2-C layer are C18(The national policy orientation),C23(Interest linkage mechanism)and C8(Product quality).And the preferred indicators in the B3-C layer is C4(Development funds).Therefore,while cultivating cooperatives to develop ecological industry,some preferred factors should be especially considered,such as development funds,scales of development and national policy orientations.2.Based on ANT,the mechanism of cooperatives and ecological industry development under different Karst environment was analyzed.It is found that their formation and development are the result of a combination of various forces.The heterogeneous networks of human and non-human actors are the foundation of their formation and development.In the process of formation and development,human actors(ordinary peasant households,poor households,rural elite,village cadres,companies,governments,etc.)and non-human actors(natural resources,traditional technologies,infrastructure,etc.)are of equal importance,and have different degree impacts on the cultivation of cooperatives and the development of ecological industry.As the changes of various actors' behavior,particularly the change of behaviors of human actors,the network of heterogeneous actors will also be changed,which will affect the cultivation of cooperatives and the development of eco-industry.Therefore,we should strengthen the training and management of their behaviors,such as strengthening technical training,increasing government support and improving infrastructure construction,etc.3.Guided by the mechanism of cooperatives and ecological industry development,and combining the socio-economic conditions and the natural environment characteristics of the two demonstration areas,this paper puts forward the construction of the model of industrial technology innovation union + farmers' professional cooperatives + farmers + poor households + ecological pig raising in Huajiang demonstration area,construction of the model of universities/research institutes + farmers' professional cooperative + farmers + ecological cattle in Salaxi of Bijie,with an aim to realize circular production mode of ecological cultivation-ecological breeding-comprehensive utilization of waste.In the construction of Huajiang Mode,the key is to build an alliance of industry-technology innovation.The alliance is composed of governments and related compulsory departments,universities/scientific research institutions and related enterprises,playing their respective advantages in the process of leading the development of cooperatives,which are conducive to solving the problems of finances,technologies and marketing of the development of cooperatives.However,further research on cooperation mechanisms,interest linkage mechanisms and cohesion should also be strengthened.4.The model constructions were demonstrated and analyzed,and it is found that both of the two models possess good ecological,economic and social benefits.The ecological benefits are shown as improving the physical and chemical properties of soil,improving vegetation cover rate,as well as conserving water and soil.The economic benefits include the realization of the large scale development of ecological industry,the adjustment of rural industrial structure,the improvement of farmers' income(for example,the planting of golden buckwheat earns more of 1620 RMB per mu than planting corn for farmers).The social benefits appear as easing the contradictory between man and land,increasing employment opportunities and narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor,etc.However,due to different organizational models,methods of implementation and policy support,there are great differences in the benefits of the two models.By contrast,the Huajiang demonstration project is bigger than the other,the power to motivate farmers is stronger,and the government policy is more supportive,the operation mechanism and the interest linkage mechanism are more perfect and scientific,thus,the extension and application of this model should be strengthened.However,the scope and extent of suitability for extension applications should also be enhanced. |
PDF Full Text Request