Chemical Composition And Biological Activity Of Chaenomeles Speciosa In Different Producing Areas

As a dual-use plant for medicine and food in China,Chaenomeles speciosa has high nutritional and medicinal value.In this study,differences in the main chemical composition?total flavonoid,total polyphenol,polysaccharides,free amino acids,organic acids,oleanolic acid and ursolic acid?,antioxidant activity,?-glucosidase inhibitory activity and bacteriostatic activity of C.speciosa samples from four producing areas were analyzed.The main foundings are as follows:1.We investigated the main chemical composition of C.speciosa from four areas,and the results indicated that C.speciosa from Yunnan had the highest total flavonoid?47.92±3.79 mg Quercetin equivalents?QE?/g?,total polyphenols?29.15±0.29 mg Gallic acids equivalents?GAE?/g?and polysaccharides?27.60±1.56 mg Glucose equivalents?GE?/g?contents compared with other three producing areas.C.speciosa had 8 kinds of essential amino acids,and the total free amino acids contents of samples from Yunnan,Anhui,Zhejiang were all more than 3 200 mg/g.In the determination of organic acids,nineteen organic acids were identified.C.speciosa from Anhui?139.91±4.24 mg/g?and Yunnan?124.96±7.43 mg/g?had higher contents of malic acid,which was 4 times greater than those from Chongqing and Zhejiang.Linoleic acid and oleic acid of samples in Chongqing accounted for15.95%and 41.77%,respectively,which had a significant difference with other three producing areas.The contents of oleanolic acid were all higher than the contents of ursolic acid in this study.C.speciosa from Zhejiang had the highest contents of total triterpenic acids,and Yunnan had the highest content of ursolic acid.2.In vitro activity assays,the antioxidant activity and?-glucosidase inhibitory activity of C.speciose were studied.The results exhibited that C.speciosa from Yunnan had the highest1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl?DPPH??273.30±15.59 mg QE/g?,2,2'-azino-bis?3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid??114.37±0.31 mg QE/g?and superoxygen anion(O^2-)?52.36±1.51 mg QE/g?radical-scavenging activities.Among the three areas?Chongqing,Zhejiang and Anhui?,the samples from Anhui had significant difference on ABTS radical scavenging activity.Samples from Zhejiang and Anhui showed higher O^2-radical scavenging ability than samples from Chongqing.The value of?-glucosidase inhibitory activity was in the order of Chongqing?56.59±6.50 mg QE/g?<Zhejiang?86.41±4.57 mg QE/g?<Anhui?172.62±3.69 mg QE/g?<Yunnan?207.23±0.26 mg QE/g?.In addition,correlation analysis revealed that total flavonoid,total polyphenol,polysaccharide and ursolic acid were the major components responsible for the antioxidant activity of C.speciosa.Total flavonoid and polysaccharides were the main contributors for?-glucosidase inhibitory activity.3.Single factor test was used to study the extraction process of antibacterial solution of C.speciosa.The optimal extraction method was as follows:ethanol concentration,80%,soli-liquid ratio,1:15,temperature,50°C.Four bacterias?Erwinia carotovora,Bacillus subtilis,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus?were used to examinate its antibacterial ability of C.speciosa.The result showed that C.speciosa had significant inhibition zones against Erwinia carotovora and Bacillus subtilis.Meanwhile,the bacteriostatic effect of C.speciosa sample in four producing areas on Erwinia carotovora and Bacillus subtilis was compared.Samples from Yunnan and Anhui had significant bacteriostatic effect compared with samples in Chongqing and Zhejiang.