Analysis Of Environmental Problems And Countermeasures Of Solid Waste In Mozambique-Maputo Province-A Case Study

With the process of industrialization that began in the 18^th century and the resulting demographic explosion caused by the improvement of people's living conditions,today a large and growing urbanization will overwhelm the environment with the inherent activities for the implementation of urban infrastructures.It is important to note that some of these anthropogenic activities have led to the emergence of so-called new civilizations,also known as consumer societies,which are directly related to the mass production of solid wastes and their deposition in unsuitable places.one of the major environmental problems that has been rising in recent years,which is also the result of a number of donors,including the lack of spaces for the creation of dumps and the increasing costs involved in the creation and maintenance of waste management infrastructures solids.Therefore,the issue of solid waste,especially urban waste,has been discussed by national and international society for decades,especially in developing countries such as Mozambique.This is because it is one of the biggest challenges in the country,and due to what is equated with overproduction and the final disposal of solid waste,which in a certain way is of concern in all spheres,social,economic and environmental.Therefore,since solid waste generation tends to be directly proportional to the way of life,population growth and patterns of consumption,expanding areas with inadequate planning.The present work was developed based on data collected at the Municipal Council of Maputo,together with the literature review on the management of solid urban waste and a structured interview,an expert consultation with the main different involved actors in the process(Governmental entities and non-governmental organization acting,the researcher also conducted a field research,as for the research this is considered the post-event of the study.This in turn sought in a first phase to explore the way solid waste management has been carried out in the Municipality of Maputo in the last 10 years in order to make an in-depth analysis of the current model regarding the involvement of the different actors in the process management.Nevertheless,the study also consists of realizing the extent to which the tertiarization process adopted by the Municipal Council is a necessary condition for the mitigation of the waste problem,thus recommending the need to introduce an integrated solid waste management process with shared responsibility between the different stakeholders.Since its capacity for large-scale transformation,due to its high pollution power,makes this material one of the current potential problems in Mozambican society.Where factors such as the increase in the population's life expectancy,intense urbanization,the emergence of new technologies,making possible the exponential production of consumer goods,especially non-durable ones,contribute to the production of immense amounts of waste,challenging the public power with regard to its ability to solve the problem.This analysis intends to bring some theories as a contribution to strengthen the understanding of solid waste management in the Maputo Municipal Council,taking into account its environmental,economic and social dimensions.Still,on the same wavelength,this study intends also to develop a framework of good practices of solid waste management.