Study On Basic Data Of Drinking Water Exposure Parameters For Residents In Major River Basins Of China

In recent years,with the development of China's economy and society,the problem of environmental pollution is becoming increasingly prominent.Water pollution presents a characteristic of compression and compound.Especially in major river basins,water pollution is generally serious and the pollution situation is complex.Therefore,the safety of drinking wate has become one of the most concerned social issues in China.Establishing a safe and healthy drinking water evaluation system and constructing a scientific drinking water quality standard are important technical bases to guarantee the safety of drinking water.Drinking Water Quality Standard of China(GB5749-2006)has been released for more than ten years.In order to ensure the sustainability and applicability of the standard,we need to make timely revision.Establishing the limited value of index for drinking water quality standards needs to obtain the basic parameters of the population,and their drinking water intake and the consumption habits of the drinking water.Most of the index limited values of Drinking Water Quality Standard(GB5749-2006)are formulated according to the Drinking Water Quality Guidelines of WHO,thus it is lack of localization parameters of residents in China.As part of the project of national water issue,this study selected two survey sites in the north and south of China,and obtained the basic parameters of drinking water exposure of local population through field survey and data analysis.This study supplements and improves the basic data needed for the formulation of water quality standards,and provides technical support for the formulation and revision of drinking water quality standards.Taking S city in the northeast and T city in the southwest of China as examples,using the method of questionnaire survey and self-administered log combination,at two times of the year,summer and winter,the author investigated the drinking water intake,drinking water consumption habits and basic population parameters of representative groups in two cities.Respondents were chosen in stratified random sampling.Real-time dynamic monitoring is carried out with corresponding quality control measures at every stage of the investigation,so as to ensure the acquisition of high-quality survey data.Through investigation,the database of basic data collection and analysis of drinking water risk assessment for urban residents in two cities was set up.And we also found:The tap water was the main source of drinking water for residents in S and T cities(70.6%;87.5%).the residents in S and T cities are likely drink boiled water(94.3%;95.5%).The average daily drinking water intake of residents is 1463 and 1601 mL in S city and T city respectively.The average daily wading activities time of residents is 45.9 and 95.4 minutes in S city and T city respectively.There are regional differences in drinking water intake,the drinking water intake of residents is different between S city and T city,and also different from that of other areas.Drinking habits could be related to climate and age,and differences between winter and summer.People who only drink and mainly drink boiled water have an increasing trend with age.The drinking water intake of residents are different between summer and winter,men and women,and divesed with different BMI index and age groups.The drinking water intake may be affected by season,age,gender,body mass index and other factors.The average daily water-wading time and water-wading activities of residents is different between S city and T city.The water-wading time and activities of residents may be influenced by climatic characteristics,age,gender and socio-economic development.The drinking water intake and exposure parameters will provide some technical support for health risk assessment of pollutants in drinking water and drinking water quality standards establishment.