Study On The Alleviation Effect And Mechanism Of Probiotic Composite Solid Beverage On Constipation

Constipation is a common intestinal disease,mainly characterized by difficulty in defecation,dry stool and less than 3 times of defecation each week.The incidence rate of constipation is increasing year by year.Short-term constipation affects the normal work and life,and long-term constipation can even lead to kidney disease and cardiovascular disease.Therefore,prevention and treatment of constipation are getting more and more attention.The genesis of constipation is influenced by many factors,including changes in life and eating habits,and changes in mental state.Rhubarb and laxatives are often used to treat constipation,but long-term use will bring great dependence.Studies have shown that constipation patients were characterized as gut microbiota dysbiosis.Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli reduce while pathogenic bacteria and conditional pathogens increase.This suggests that probiotics treatment can be used to regulate the gut microbiota,thereby restoring normal intestinal movement and relieving constipation.Therefore,this study used a new commercial probiotic composite solid beverage with Bifidobacterium bifidum CCFM 16,which has verified to be effective on the alleviation of constipation in animal model,together with other functional strains and prebiotics(oligofructose,xylooligosaccharide,inulin,etc.)to investigate its constipation alleviation effects and its related mechanisms in mice.Also,the mitigation ability and mechanism on constipation in human were also investigated.The correspondence between animal data and human data were analyzed.Firstly,the constipation mice animal model was established by loperamide hydrochloride.Then,different doses of commercial probiotic composite solid beverage were administered to determine the changes of defecation state(defecation number and fecal water content),the first black stool time and the small intestine propulsion rate of the constipation mice.Middle and high doses of treatment could significantly increase the defecation number and fecal water content in mice,shorten the first black stool time and increase the small intestine propulsion rate,which was equivalent to CCFM 16 in relieving constipation.And commercial probiotic composite solid beverage tended to restore constipation related indexes to normal values on the whole.Investigating the mechanism of commercial probiotic composite solid beverage to alleviate constipation,it was found that the levels of acetic acid and butyric acid in mouse feces in the middle and high dose groups increased significantly.Acetic acid and butyric acid promoted intestinal peristalsis,which was different from the results by CCFM 16 of improving acetic acid and propionic acid.The intake of commercial probiotic composite solid beverage significantly changed the gut microbiota dysbiosis in constipation mice,increased the levels of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria,decreased the levels of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria,and increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,Clostridium,Ruminococcus and Coprococcus,while the relative abundance of Blautia was reduced.Among these,Clostridium,Ruminococcus and Coprococcus are related to the production of SCFAs.The commercial probiotic composite solid beverage also regulated the level of gastrointestinal regulatory peptides in the serum to normal values,but had no effect on the content of 5-HT.Secondly,in order to explore the alleviating ability and mechanism of commercial probiotic composite solid beverage on human constipation,this study conducted a product feeding feedback experiment,which showed the total effective rate of commercial probiotic composite solid beverage,prebiotics and placebo(maltodextrin)on constipation was 80.0%,41.0% and 33.0%.Similar to the animal model,the determination of SCFAs in human feces showed that commercial probiotic composite solid beverage increased the content of acetic acid.It had a complex impact on the gut microbiota of patients with constipation.There was no significant difference in the diversity of gut microbiota and relative abundance at the phylum level before and after taking commercial probiotic composite solid beverage.At the genus level,the exogenous probiotics Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus showed an increasing trend as well as Parabacteroides and Coprococcus,and the relative abundance of Clostridium increased significantly yet the relative abundance of Blautia decreased significantly,which was partially consistent with the results of constipation mice model.In conclusion,the commercial probiotic composite solid beverage had a good ability to relieve constipation in a reasonable dose.Compared with CCFM 16,solid beverage was more likely to restore normal bowel function in mice.On the one hand the commercial probiotic composite solid beverage directly increased the acetic acid content by the fermentation of probiotics,and on the other hand it promoted the growth and reproduction of Clostridium and Coprococcus associated with SCFAs through other metabolites such as lactic acid and amino acids,thus it caused the changes in the content of SCFAs and stimulated intestinal peristalsis,finally restored the normal intestinal transport.