Effects Of Manure Replacing Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizer On Wheat Yield,Soil Nutrients,Cadmium And Copper

Different proportions of manure are used to replace nitrogen in different areas.These treatments include:CK is not fertilized(nutrient content 0-0-0),T1 is purified fertilizer,nitrogen is reduced by 100%,nitrogen is not applied(nutrient content is 0-6-5)T2 is purified fertilizer(nutrient content 12-6-5),T3 is fertilizer 25%nitrogen reduction,25%nitrogen fertilizer is replaced by manure(nutrient content CF9-6-5+175 kg OM),T4 is chemical fertilizer nitrogen reduction 50%The other 50%nitrogen fertilizer is replaced by manure(nutrient content CF6-6-5+350 kg OM),T5 is 100%of fertilizer nitrogen reduction,and 100%nitrogen fertilizer is replaced by manure(nutrient content CF0-6-5+700 kg OM),T6 200%nitrogen was replaced with manure(nutrient containing CF0-6-5+1400 kg OM)to explore their effects on crop productivity,nutrient accumulation,nitrogen use efficiency,soil fertility,and heavy metal content in plants and soil.In order to find the best ratio of manure replacement in North China,reduce the amount of fertilizer and reduce environmental pressure.1.The replacement of nitrogen by 25%or 50%chicken manure can increase the effective panicle number of winter wheat,thereby increasing wheat yield and biomass.The appropriate amount of chicken manure to replace nitrogen does not affect the nitrogen accumulation of winter wheat,and the complete or high amount of chicken manure replacement will lead to the reduction of nitrogen accumulation in winter wheat.In the case of chemical fertilizer nitrogen reduction of 25%or 50%,the application of the same amount of nitrogen chicken manure does not pose a threat to the nitrogen accumulation of wheat,and the appropriate amount of chicken manure instead of nitrogen fertilizer also contributes to nitrogen by stems and leaves.Transport to the grain.The replacement of nitrogen fertilizer by Yuanyang chicken manure at 25%or 50%will increase the phosphorus accumulation of winter wheat plants,and the accumulation of phosphorus in the 200%replacement treatment of Changge can be the highest;therefore,the growth of phosphorus in chicken manure is more rapid.The potassium content of all parts of wheat increased with the increase of chicken manure replacement.A reasonable proportion of organic fertilizer can reduce nitrogen loss and achieve higher nitrogen use efficiency.2.Continuous application of chicken manure instead of nitrogen fertilizer will increase the content of cadmium in the grain.When the ratio of organic fertilizer to nitrogen is 25%,the effect of other substitution treatment on the content of cadmium in Wheat grain is less.However,when chicken manure replaces nitrogen at 50%-200%,the cadmium content in wheat grains has a significant increase,but it does not exceed the national standard for cadmium content of 0.2 mg/kg or less.The replacement of nitrogen fertilizer by chicken manure will increase soil cadmium content,but has little effect on copper content.3.Continuous application of livestock manure instead of nitrogen fertilizer will increase the content of cadmium in the grain.When the substitution ratio is 50%--200%,the cadmium content in wheat grain will increase significantly,but it does not exceed the requirements in GB2672-2012.The cadmium content of cereals is less than or equal to 0.2 mg/kg.The copper content and accumulation of conventional fertilization or 25%animal fat replacement treatment were higher,and the copper content and accumulation of high-quality livestock fertilizer treatment significantly decreased.3.Low-cost chicken manure instead of nitrogen fertilizer treatment can significantly increase soil mineral nitrogen content,and the effect of complete or high-level replacement treatment on soil mineral nitrogen content is reduced.The application of chicken manure instead of nitrogen fertilizer can increase the nutrient content of soil in each soil layer.The nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the soil layer are treated with high amount of organic fertilizer to reach the maximum.4.The replacement of nitrogen fertilizer by livestock and poultry manure reduced the bacterial diversity of soil by reducing the population of soil phage bacteria,but increased the bacteria and Pseudomonas albicans,which were beneficial to soil improvement.In summary,both the original Yang and Changge are 25%or 50%of the manure instead of nitrogen fertilizer.