Study On Environmental Control After Chemical Leakage During Storage And Transportation

In recent years,the extensive use of a growing number of chemicals has brought about many environmental and health problems.In order to contain chemical safety accidents from the source and avoid the potential threat to human health after the occurrence of it.Carry out environmental risk assessment and management work for enterprise chemicals,such as formulating and improving the controlled concentration of common chemicals in enterprise storage and transportation.Occupational exposure limits and the screening of optimally controlled contaminants in groundwater contamination are extremely important.In this study,common chemicals in the chemical storage and transportation process were taken as the research object.With the help of relevant calculation software and statistical analysis method,the safe concentration of these chemicals in contact with human body in a short time was predicted,which is helpful to protect the health of rescue workers in chemical leakage accidents and professional workers exposed to these chemicals.Taking algae,daphnia,and zebrafish as model organisms,PNEC(Predicted No Effect Concentration)value was deduced according to its acute toxicity,and the corresponding formula was derived to calculate the safe control concentration of these chemicals in surface water environment.It can not only directly provide enterprises with referable environmental exposure control standards for chemicals,but also rapidly control surface water environmental pollution caused by chemical leakage during storage and transportation.At the same time,in view of the pollution problem caused by chemical leakage to the water,the list and screening method of groundwater priority control pollutants at home and abroad are analyzed,and the groundwater pollutant database integrating the optimal control pollutants and their physical and chemical properties is established.With respect to the shortcomings of the existing screening methods,an optimal pollutant screening method conforming to local groundwater pollution characteristics was constructed and verified.On this basis,developed a feasible software,which can both accurately and efficiently help to obtain the list of optimal pollutant control in groundwater and carry out targeted monitoring and treatment for groundwater.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)Taking common chemicals in chemical storage and transportation as the research objects and referring to GBZ 2.1-2007 Occupational Contact Limit of Hazardous Factors in Workplace.From that,using Hyper Chem Professional and EPI Suite software to calculate the quantum chemical parameters,structural parameters and activities of the series of chemicals.And the multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis was analyzed by SPSS,which taking permissible concentration-short term exposure limit(PC-STEL)as dependent variable and other parameters as independent variable.The results show that the PC-STEL of all kinds of compounds are related to their toxic effects.In addition,chlorine-containing compounds also have high correlation with molecular maximum occupied orbital energy level,alkane compounds and bioconcentration coefficient,acid compounds and bioaccumulation coefficient.This part of study provides data support for environmental risk assessment of organic pollutants and reference for the establishment of relevant standards for PC-STEL.(2)Taking 475 chemicals commonly used in chemical storage and transportation as the research objects and typical aquatic organisms(algae + Daphnia magna + zebrafish)as model organisms,the ecological risk assessment of these chemicals were carried out.Referring to the Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Chemical Substances(Draft for Comments),the(PNEC)value of predicted no effect concentration for chemicals were got.RQ was used to calculate the controlled concentration of chemicals in the environment by using quotient value.The results show that zinc chloride,octane isomers,zinc powder,?-pinene,3-chloropropene,acetone,copper chloride and other chemicals have great potential ecological hazards,which need to have highly attention during production,storage and transportation.(3)By integrating the list of national priority pollutants,a priority pollutants database which contains the indicators required for screening methods(acute toxicity,carcinogenicity,endocrine disrupting,accumulation rate,persistent organic pollutants or not,migration rate,etc.)and priority pollutants is obtained.Taking the priority pollutant screening method(Analytic hierarchy process,potential hazard index method,close value method)at home and abroad as the research object,a weighted scoring method is established,which has the characteristics of local pollutants and integrates quantitative and semi-quantitative screening methods.In order to verify its feasibility,taking the North China Plain as an example,and the results show that the priority pollutants are 2,4-dinitrotoluene,N-nitroso-dimethylamine,parathion,dichlorvos and acrylonitrile.(4)Taking the established groundwater priority pollutants screening method as the basis,according to the recommended route for software development(requirements definition,system design,coding development,integrated testing,follow-up optimization),a set of groundwater priority pollutants identification system is studied.The software can replace manual calculation,it can obtain pollutant index data through inputting or networking,so that it is able to obtain local priority pollutants scoring list more efficiently and accurately under different screening methods.This study can directly provide enterprises with the control standards of human health and environmental exposure after chemical leakage,and proffer data support and decision support for the scientific management of chemicals in enterprises.A list of optimal pollution control,targeted monitoring and treatment of ground water was also established.It is of great significance for the prevention and control of groundwater pollution to control the health hazards and water environmental risks caused by chemical leakage in the process of storage and transportation.