Study On The Cost Influencing Factors Of Pollution-intensive Enterprises Under The Background Of Environmental Regulation

Industrialization continue to promote rapid economic development at the same time,industrial pollution has gradually become the focus of public concern,the government in response to the prominent environmental problems,gradually strengthen environmental regulation,environmental costs has become the important factors that affect pollution intensive enterprise cost,and profoundly affect pollution intensive distribution pattern of the enterprise.However,as the main component of manufacturing industry,pollution-intensive enterprises are the important support of national economy and people's livelihood,and the conflict between environment and economic development is inevitable.Intensive enterprises at the same time,the pollution is one of the main source of local fiscal revenue,local governments also have to protect local pollution intensive enterprise motivation,for environmental regulation is a kind of reaction,can interfere with the implementation of environmental regulation and enforcement,the two important institutional factors affecting pollution intensive enterprise cost and time and space distribution pattern.So this article take "the traditional location factors,environmental regulation and local protection and the new pollution intensive enterprise" relationship as the core thesis,on the basis of the traditional industrial location theory,environmental regulation and protection system of the two important factors into new pollution intensive research in the impacting factors of enterprise cost,can not only for the government to guide the polluting enterprises to optimize the layout of scientific and reasonable,and the coordination of economic and environmental sustainable development is of important theoretical and practical significance.Surrounding environment under the influence of the existing research and the study of theindustrial layout and industrial transfer,discussed on microcosmic individual enterprise scale is less,although industry scales research can partly explain the effects of environmental factors on industry layout,but this sort of research results will also cover the individual enterprises scale of atypical features,such as attributes of the enterprise heterogeneity,attributes and regional interaction,etc.In the new round of industrial transfer in China,central China has become the main destination of pollution-intensive enterprises' transfer,and environmental regulation and the role played by local governments are playing an increasingly important role in the cost and even location decision-making of pollution-intensive enterprises.So based on the existing research and the related theory,from 2005 to 2013 the six provinces in central new pollution intensive enterprises as samples,the influence factors of pollution intensive enterprise cost can be divided into regional level and enterprise level,regional attribute selection environmental regulation and local protection level,level of economic development,labor,technology,capital,transportation and industrial agglomeration 8 influencing factors,enterprise property to consider the pollution density index,the enterprise profit tax,workers,labor productivity,investment in fixed assets,gross industrial output value and the enterprise main business cost seven influencing factors,include the following contents:The analysis of the spatial and temporal pattern of pollution-intensive enterprises based on the nuclear density method,the empirical test of the cost influencing factors of pollution-intensive enterprises at the provincial level based on the cross-section data model,and the empirical test of the cost influencing factors of pollution-intensive enterprises at the municipal level.The following conclusions are drawn:(1)The layout of pollution-intensive enterprises has obvious path dependence and deviates from pareto optimal distribution.Time trend,pollution intensive enterprise overall number rising steadily,the proportion of new pollution intensive enterprises accounted for all new flat,but the new pollution intensiveenterprises accounted for the proportion of all enterprises rise in volatility,2005-2013 has been a slow growth,rapid expansion and structure transformation of the process,present the change trend of "slow-fast-slow".In terms of spatial distribution,the central part is the gathering place of pollution-intensive enterprises,and the newly-built pollution-intensive enterprises have fewer edges and more middle parts,showing a multi-center distribution and a trend of further decentralization.After comparing the distribution pattern of pollution-intensive enterprises with that of total pollution-intensive enterprises,this paper finds that the layout of newly-built pollution-intensive enterprises has obvious path dependence and deviates from pareto optimal distribution.(2)Traditional location factors still play an important role in enterprise location.Regional factor endowments,such as the level of labor force,technical conditions,capital status,transportation conditions and industrial agglomeration,all significantly affect the cost of enterprises.As an important factor affecting the location of enterprises,the cost of enterprises differs in the degree of impact and trend changes of various costs at the provincial and municipal levels.Due to the large difference between provinces and regions and the small difference between cities within the province,labor cost at the provincial level has a greater impact on the location of enterprises than at the municipal level.In terms of technology level,provinces and cities do not pay enough attention to the improvement of technology level,and the power of technological innovation of polluting enterprises is insufficient,which has little impact on the location of enterprises.After the economic crisis,the capital environment deteriorated and the investment risk of enterprises increased,which had a negative impact on the layout of enterprises.As one of the traditional location factors,the role of transportation is controversial.The research results of this paper show that the impact of transportation on enterprise cost is decreasing at the municipal level.The negative externality of industrial agglomeration has been highlighted.By increasing the cost of enterprises,Xthe entry of polluting enterprises in regions with high industrial agglomeration degree can be restrained.(3)There is no pollution shelter effect in the six central provinces.The level of environmental regulation and environmental regulation intensity are larger impact on the cost of pollution intensive enterprise,and the economic crisis after the impact is on the rise,which is closely related to the degree of attention to the environmental protection in China,the existing environmental policy increased pollution intensive enterprise environmental cost,environmental cost has become a traditional geographic elements outside the important factors that affect the enterprise layout.The regions with high level of provincial environmental regulations and strong enforcement of municipal environmental regulations impose strong restrictions on the distribution of enterprises with high pollution degree by increasing the cost of enterprises with high pollution degree.Therefore,this paper argues that the six central provinces have not formed the pollution refuge effect.(4)The impact of local protection is different at the provincial and municipal levels.The regression results of six central provinces at the provincial level showed that the degree of local protection was positively correlated with the enterprise cost,while at the municipal level,the local protection significantly reduced the enterprise cost.With the municipal government in the actual local affairs have bigger decisions about,just in the short term,regional protection not only to a certain extent,is conducive to protect local enterprises,to attract new enterprise investment,would also increase the fiscal revenue source,increasing local jobs,but in the long run,is not conducive to free market competition and economic development.In general,provincial and municipal institutional factors have different influence force on enterprise cost and enterprise site selection,so it is of practical value to study the effect of different factors on enterprise cost from different perspectives.To sum up,To sum up,after systematically studying the influence of environmental regulationand local protection on the layout of pollution-intensive enterprises and its internal mechanism,this paper proposes the following four policy Suggestions: First,actively guide pollution-intensive enterprises to make rational layout and move toward "Pareto optimality".Second,we will improve the business environment for enterprises and reduce their costs.Third,encourage enterprises to play the "Porter effect" and improve their capacity for independent innovation.Fourth,we will deepen the reform of the central and local fiscal and tax systems,focus on building a sound local tax system,and inject vitality into the sound interactions between government and enterprises.