| Maijishan Scenic Area is located in Tianshuiarea,Gansu Province,which is situated at the western Qinling Mountain range and the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River basin,and adjoins Jialing River system in the south and Weishui River system in the north.In this scenic area,there are exquisite grotto sculptures,ancient trees,beautiful mountains and streams.Maijishan grotto is known as the Oriental Sculpture Museum.In recent years,the great impacts have been exerted on the original environment of scenic spots because of the rapid development of tourism,significant increasing of touristreception,extensive development and construction of scenic spots,wanton reconstruction and expansion of the surrounding villages and towns.This thesis takes the water environment of Maijishan Scenic Spot as the research object.Through in-depth field investigations,site surveys,and in-depth investigations of various scenic spots in the Maijishan Scenic Spot,we mastered the distribution of water resources in the Maijishan Scenic Spot,determined the main types of pollution in the water environment of the scenic spot,and calculated the amount of pollution caused by the main pollution factors in the scenic spot.The survey results of the current water environment were analyzed,and the main pollution types and sources were identified.Based on this,the water environment quality monitoring plan of the scenic spot was further developed,the monitoring section,monitoring items,monitoring time and frequency of the water environment of the scenic spot were determined,and the typical monitoring of water bodies in the Maijishan Scenic Spot from January to December 2018 was detected and analyzed.The project,combined with the level of the surface water functional zone of the scenic spot and the corresponding national standards,statistics and evaluates whether the monitoring project of each sampling point meets the standard.Based on this,the water environment quality of the scenic spot was analyzed and researched from the main pollution factors and the change trend of each pollution factor,and the following conclusions were drawn:First,through field visits and surveys of various scenic spots in the Maijishan Scenic Spot,it was found that the water environmental protection work in the scenic area is lagging behind and the environmental infrastructure is not in place.With the continuous rise of domestic tourism heat in recent years,the water environment pressure in the scenic area has become increasingly serious,and water quality On the whole,there is a trend of continuous deterioration,water resources are also shortage year by year,and pollution is increasing year by year.The second is to analyze and calculate the surveyed and collected data to determine that the main source of pollution in the scenic area is the tourist reception in the scenic area and the domestic sewage in villages and towns,livestock and poultry farming,and non-point source pollution in the scenic area.Sewage discharge(including tourist reception),in which the total domestic sewage generated by tourists visiting the reception reaches 80.69 million tons / year,COD emissions reach 14.73 t / a,ammonia nitrogen is 1.470 t / a,and TN is 1.719 t / a and TP are 0.196 t / a.Third,combined with the monitoring data of each sampling point,comprehensively analyze and evaluate the current status of the water environment of the Maijishan Scenic Spot,and clarify that most of the water quality of the Maijishan Scenic Area in 2018 conforms to Class II water bodies.,NH3-N,TP,COD,and fecal coliform.The key pollution factors are TN,NH3-N,TP,and COD.The main problems of the water environment quality of the scenic spot are analyzed.The domestic sewage along the way has not been fully collected and treated,the garbage accumulation along the river banks in the scenic spot,the direct discharge of livestock and poultry wastewater,and the effective ecological protection measures have not been taken in the scenic spot.The fourth is a comprehensive analysis of the water environment quality of the Maijishan Scenic Spot,which concludes that the environmental water quality in the scenic area continues to decline,rural domestic sewage and non-point sources of farmland are the main sources of pollution,environmental infrastructure is lagging behind,and existing sewage treatment facilities cannot meet demand.The main reasons are lack of stable and long-lasting ecological compensation mechanism and weak environmental awareness of residents and tourists.Through in-depth analysis and research on the water environment quality issues of the Maijishan Scenic Spot,and considering the conditions of the area where the scenic spot is located,the water environmental protection and sustainable development countermeasures of the scenic spot are specifically proposed:The first is to promote the transformation and upgrading of the economic structure of the scenic spot,optimize and adjust the existing industrial structure of the scenic spot,optimize the allocation of resources,develop a circular economy,build a green circular and low-carbon scenic industry system,promote the development of the tourism industry in the scenic spot,and promote "returning farmland to forests and grasslands" Reduce non-point source pollution;The second is to promote the prevention and control of non-point source pollution in farming,to promote the system of closed and restricted areas for livestock and poultry breeding,to strictly control pollution standards for livestock and poultry breeding,and to carry out pollution control for livestock and poultry breeding,To promote the mode of ecological breeding and resource utilization,and realize the organization and marketization of comprehensive utilization of livestock and poultry excreta;The third is to promote the sewage treatment in the scenic area,increase the construction of sewage treatment facilities in the scenic area,formulate the overall plan for pollution treatment,and form a comprehensive system for sewage treatment in the scenic area.To promote the construction and improvement of the supporting sewage network and improve the sustainable utilization of water resources;The fourth is to promote the comprehensive improvement of the scenic area environment,strengthen the renovation of rural toilets,and promote the treatment of rural domestic waste.Strengthen environmental protection supervision of service industries such as farmhouses,strengthen water management in scenic spots and promote the installation and use of water-saving equipment,and reduce water pollution caused by garbage accumulation;Fifth,improve the efficiency of water resources utilization,strictly control the total amount of water used in scenic spots,improve the efficiency of water use in scenic spots,and strengthen water saving in scenic spots.Promote water-saving irrigation technologies such as anti-seepage,pipeline water transmission,sprinkler irrigation,and micro-irrigation,develop agricultural water-saving,and improve farmland irrigation efficiency;Sixth,promote the ecological management of the water environment in the scenic area,build water conservation forests,promote the construction of ecological restoration projects for the water environment,and improve the water quality monitoring system of the water source. |
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