Research On Farmers' Participation Willingness To Governance Of Rural Small-sized Wetlands Based On Theory Of Planned Behavior

With the continuous progress of the construction of ecological civilization,more and more attention has been paid to wetland protection.As an important type of ecological land,the ecological environment status and ecological function of rural small-sized wetlands directly affect the construction process of beautiful countryside.In 2018,the Chinese government proposed a draft resolution,The Conversation and Management of Small-sized Wetlands,to the 13 th Conference of Wetlands.After that,the protection and governance of rural small-sized wetlands have become the focus of public,and relevant explorations of small-sized wetlands management have been carried out in various fields.As the close stakeholders in the governance of rural small-sized wetlands,farmers' willingness to participation is of great significance for the development of rural small-sized wetlands.Based on 600 survey data of farmers in three regions of Hubei Province,this research builds an analytical framework for farmers' willingness to participation in the governance of rural small-sized wetlands based on Theory of Planned Behavior.Based on measuring the farmers' willingness to governance of rural small-sized wetlands,the research explores the factors involving types and degree of participation,and attempts to provide a certain theoretical basis for the improvement of governance mechanisms for rural small-sized wetlands and the increase of public participation willingness.Through research and analysis,the following conclusions are obtained:(1)The proportion of farmers who are willing to invest money into governance of rural small-sized wetlands is 53%,with an average value of 53.98 yuan per person per year;the proportion of farmers who are willing to invest labor is 48%,and the average is 11.26 hours per person per month.(2)Attitudes of behavior,subjective norms,and perceived behavioral control significantly affect farmers' willingness to invest money.Among them,the importance of the ecological function of rural small-sized wetlands,the necessity of farmers' participation in the governance of rural small-sized wetlands,the influence of friends' norms,the degree of economic conditions allowed,gender and age are its significant influencing factors.While subjective norms and perceived behavioral control significantly affect farmers' willingness to invest labor.Among them,the influence of friends' norms,the degree of economic conditions allowed,the degree of physical conditions allowed,the degree of environmental protection knowledge,and the area of cultivated land are significant factors.(3)The three main explanatory variables of attitudes of behavior,subjective norms,and perceived behavioral control significantly affect the degree of farmers' investment.Among them,the importance of ecological function of rural small-sized wetlands,the influence of friends' norms,the perception of problems in rural small-sized wetlands,and the area of cultivated land are significant factors influencing the degree of farmers' money investment.The necessity of farmers to participate in the governance of rural small-sized wetlands,the influence of friends' norms,the degree of competence in labor skills,the perception of problems in rural small-sized wetlands,gender,age,and per capita household income are significant factors influencing the degree of farmers' labor investment.(4)Farmers' willingness is heterogeneous.Farmers with different genders,ages,education levels,per capita household income,and cultivated land area have significant differences in types and degree of participation.According to the conclusions reached in the text,the following suggestions are advised for the governance of rural small-sized wetlands:(1)Public efforts should be strengthened for the governance of rural small-sized wetlands.The concept of "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" should be firmly established in the whole society,farmers' understanding of rural small-sized wetlands should be strengthened,the necessity and urgency of governance of small-sized wetlands should be realized by farmers.Farmers' subjective consciousness should be awakened,farmers will realize their value and significance in the implementation of wetland governance,and actively participate in the governance of rural small-sized wetlands.(2)A social atmosphere for the protection of rural small-sized wetlands should be created.The media's role in guiding public opinion should be brought into full play,a strong atmosphere for protecting wetland resources should be created,laws and systems for farmers' participation should be constructed,incentive measures to increase the enthusiasm of farmers' participation should be adopted,and the “thumb a lift” psychology of farmers should be avoided.(3)Farmers' ability to participate should be improved.Through technical training,farmers' learning about ecological civilization expertise will be strengthened,skills training for rural small-sized wetland governance should be carried out.(4)Farmers' participation in the governance of rural small-sized wetlands should be enriched.The information disclosure channels and forms for the entire process of governing rural small-sized wetlands will be improved,new media should be used,channels for communication and complaints should be opened,public opinions should be fully solicited,and public participation platforms should be established.