Research On The Growth Of Environmental Total Factor Productivity And Its Influencing Factors In China's Hog Scale-breeding

As a large agricultural country,China's livestock and poultry industry development is directly related to the national economy and people's livelihood,especially the hog breeding industry,has been widely concerned.With the improvement of residents' consumption level and the upgrading of consumption structure,the restriction of aquaculture resources and environmental factors,hog breeding has begun to change from traditional free-range breeding mode to scale hog breeding model.However,compared with developed countries,the scale hog breeding model in China is not perfect,and still,there are some problems and challenges.These challenges and problems can be summarized as follows: first,the increasing cost of scale hog breeding has reduced the profit space and directly affected the enthusiasm of hog farmers;second,scale hog breeding is also facing increasingly serious environmental pollution problems.Reasonable solutions to these two problems determine the future development of scale hog breeding in China.How to improve the total factor productivity of scale hog breeding while considering environmental constrains becomes the key.Therefore,based on the theory of total factor productivity and environmental total factor productivity growth accounting,a fixed window Malmquist Index model(FWML)was constructed to calculate the total factor productivity of 17 major hog producing provinces in the four dominant areas of three different scales(small,medium and large)from 2004 to 2016.The time series trend as well as regional differences of total factor productivity of three scale hog producing model under environmental factors was compared and analyzed respectively,and the source of growth discussed too.On this basis,qualitative and quantitative analysis was made on the influencing factors of environmental total factor productivity(ETFP)of three scale hog breeding.The results show that:(1)without considering environmental factors,the total factor productivity of scale hog breeding will be overestimated,and the results obtained by FWML index analysis method are more close to the true value;(2)the total factor productivity of scale hog breeding considering environmental factors was still in the growth stage,but the growth rates of small,medium and large-scale hog breeding model were different,among them,the environmental total factor productivity of medium-scale hog breeding has the highest growth rate and the lowest growth rate is small-scale.The growth rate of environmental total factor productivity in main producing provinces varies greatly and the dominant area in the central region ranks first in all scales.The technological progress is the main factor driving its growth,however,technical efficiency has not contributed much to the its growth,which is manifested in the effectiveness,popularity and low effective utilization of resources of scale hog breeding technology.To greatly improve the overall technical efficiency is the way to enhance the environmental total factor productivity of scale hog breeding in the future.(3)Generally speaking,the income gap between urban and rural areas,the proportion of urban population as well as rural biogas users have a significant negative impact on the environmental total factor productivity of all three scales.In addition,in small-scale hog breeding,the government support on agriculture has a significant negative effect on its ETFP;in medium-scale hog breeding,the density of livestock service personnel and investment intensity of pollution control have a significant positive impact on its ETFP,and Income level of rural residents has a significant negative impact;in large-scale hog breeding,the government support on agriculture and industrial development level have a significant negative impact on its ETFP;investment in pollution control has a significant positive effect.Pointing to above conclusions,such recommendations are made: improving the technical efficiency of pig scale breeding in order to comprehensively enhance environmental total factor productivity;developing moderate scale breeding according to local conditions,regional resources and environmental conditions;taking differentiated measures to gradually improve environmental total factor productivity and achieve scale transformation;coordinating the relationship between government environmental regulation and pig scale breeding,in order to promote environmental total factor productivity.;improving the financial support for agriculture to improve the efficiency of financial support for agriculture;people-oriented,improving the level of human capital of agricultural workers.