Effects Of Water Pollution On Color Patterns And Body Coloration Of Invasive Guppies(Poecilia Reticulata)

Sexually selected traits evolve under the influence of intrinsic characteristics of the study species,as well as extrinsic factors that promote or hamper signal transmission and perception.To understand how human-induced habitat alternations affect sexually selected traits and sexual signal evolution,I investigated the color patterns and body coloration intensity,included body size and shape of Poecilia reticulata from the streams reported to receive the gradual level of pollution from industrial and domestic wastewater.I measured color patterns,quantified intensity of color patterns,and female body coloration.As predicted divergence of color patterns detected,variation light-dark of color patterns released and variation of certain gradient color quantified dorsal/ventral regions of the body of a female(countershading)because of pollution.Male and female differential responses along with water pollution,probably they have variation in terms of size and shape,digitized and generalized linear models found the parallel variation of body size in both sexes and weak body shape variation in male compared to female along with water pollution.My results suggest that water pollution alter the selective landscape,promoting the evolution of color patterns divergence,change the intensity of color patterns,and body coloration mediated by disrupting physiological color change.These findings give added implication information about human-induced habitat alteration on male sexual signal evolution and physiological color change.