The Study On Risk Assessment And Prevention Method Of Chain Accident Caused By Fire Resulted From Onshore Terminal Equipment Failure

Onshore terminal is an important facility for the development of offshore oil and gas resources.It is a transit hub between the ocean platform and the downstream users with a large amount of oil and gas processing equipment.There is a large amount of flammable and explosive medium in the onshore terminal production area and the fire and explosion accidents caused by oil and gas leakage are the main risks of land terminals.Due to the concentrated layout of oil and gas containers and pipelines,the initial accident often cause secondary damage to the surrounding facilities leading to severe explosion chain accident,which cause huge property losses and casualties.Based on “Risk assessment and prevention technology of seaward oil & gas pipelines and onshore terminal” which was published in 2016,the paper research on risk assessment and control measures for the chain accident caused by a fire resulted from onshore terminal equipment failure.With a certain land terminal oil and gas processing system as the research object,the failure probability and consequence of related equipment are calculated with the application of API 581 risk analysis technology.According to the different failure mechanism of oil and gas processing system,the risk of leakage and fire accident caused by equipment failure is assessed as it seeks to identify the high-risk equipment in onshore terminal oil and gas processing system Based on software HYSYS process coupling processing equipment of oil and gas leakage process and oil and gas leakage fire heat of combustion model,the paper simulates the process of oil and gas leakage fire-technological catastrophe process and analyzes the process parameters of oil and gas processing system dynamic rule under different failure aperture leakage jet fire equipment.Based on the initial accident causal chain theory analysis equipment failure accident extension path,combined with the equipment design parameters and process parameters under the condition of fire,clear the process conditions and the expansion of the initial accident extension time node,building fire equipment failure event sequence model.According to the effect and cause chain accident theory and the equipment design parameters and process parameters under the condition of fire,the paper analyzes the initial accident extension path of equipment failure,so as to ascertain the process conditions and the expansion of the initial accident,the sequential model of fire accident caused by equipment failure.The paper establishes a three-dimensional finite element model of onshore terminal oil and gas processing equipment with the use of ANSYS finite element analysis software and thermal-structure coupling numerical simulation technology.According to elastic-plasticity theory and finite element theory,the failure process of equipment structure under internal pressure and external fire temperature and the heating process and temperature field distribution of equipment structure under fire condition are analyzed.What's more,combined with oil and gas treatment system leakage fire-process chain failure process,the paper determines the load limit of equipment in the fire environment and confirm the failure time and structure of the equipment.Based on the extension mechanism of initial fire accident,there is a fire chain accident safety barrier analysis model and researches land terminal equipment failure fire accident chain has been established so as to propose emergency rescue and risk control measures of fire protection and passive fire protection.