The Study On The Spatial Structure Of The "Eight Landscapes" In The Famous National Historical And Cultural City

"Eight landscapes" is a treasure of ancient Chinese culture.It was formally produced in the Song Dynasty and has been circulating for thousands of years.“Eight landscapes” is a summary of the most unique natural and cultural landscapes that people form in the development process of the city.It profoundly reflects the concepts of city location,urban landscape creation and urban culture.Natural landscapes are the primary considerations in the selection of the “eight landscapes”,and historical changes further deepen the human connotation of the “eight landscapes”.The records of the "Eight Scenes" are generally found in local county records and record the eight most representative local attractions.As a typical representative of our country's cities,the national historical and cultural city has its own profound cultural heritage.“Eight landscapes”,as a representative of the city's unique cultural landscape,can be used to explore the ancient people's urban design concepts and landscape system construction.The thought has important historic value and practical significance for the construction of the modern urban overall landscape system and the construction of the featured landscape.The paper concludes as follows:(1)A statistical study was conducted on the content and spatial distribution of the “eight landscapes” of the 76 historical and cultural cities that were collected.In terms of content,the main body of the “eight landscapes” is a natural landscape,mainly depicting climate and meteorological landscapes;in humanistic landscapes,depicting landscapes and landscapes dominates.In terms of spatial orientation,northwest is most widely distributed to attractions."Eight landscapes" are characterized by a circular distribution as a whole,with the outermost peaks being the peaks,the suburbs as temples,fields and other landscapes,and the city's buildings,towers,and city walls.In terms of spatial distance,the most sights are within 10 kilometers,the sights are 10 to 30 kilometers,and the sights are at least 30 kilometers.(2)The “eight scenes” of the cities of the capital city,the Fucheng city and the general cities and counties divided according to the urban functions.In terms of landscape content,the characteristics of the “eight landscapes” of the capital and Fucheng City are similar,and the proportion of natural and natural and human-incorporated scenic spots is similar,which is about 35%,and the human landscape is about 30%.In the eight landscapes of general cities and counties,the natural landscape accounted for 38.4%,the cultural landscape accounted for 36.2%,and the integration of natural and cultural landscapes accounted for 25.1%.With regard to its spatial distribution pattern,with the weakening of city functions,the spatial scale and landscape boundaries of its scenic spots are continuously shrinking.(3)In the contemporary urban design,there are three levels for creating experiences for the Eight Scenes.First,on the overall level of urban landscape design,it is necessary to introduce the scenery into the city,integrate the city into the scenery,and realize the integration of the landscape of the city;The selection of key areas must be built around the Eight Sights,because the Eight Sights are the cultural context of the city history;the third is to achieve the integration of landscape design and cultural atmosphere in full time and space in the construction of specific landscapes.(4)The Eight Views of Chang'an were first formed in the Yuan Dynasty and were shaped in the Ming Dynasty.In terms of spatial distribution,natural landscapes are located in the outskirts,and cultural landscapes are distributed in and around the city.The concept of "Changan Eight Views" inherited both the general laws and regional features,mainly manifested in the inheritance of ritual system ideas and religious culture.In the process of constructing Xi'an's characteristic landscape,we should strengthen the in-depth excavation of the original “eight landscapes” and strive to create unique scenic spots that integrate with natural landscapes.