| In this paper,jinyun Mountain in Chongqing Beibei suburban area,chosen as the research object;on the basis of the investigation,using the related theory of landscape ecology and watershed ecology,and analyzed by Google earth,Auto CAD,Photoshop,Arc,GIS and other software;First of all,according to the classification of landscape elements,combined with the actual situation in the study area,the landscape elements in the region with the composition and distribution of the terrain is studied,including the composition and distribution characteristics of different landscape types in different elevation and slope,and the variation characteristics of the 2007,2012 and 2017 in the regional landscape dynamic analysis;Secondly,from the two scales of the whole and small watershed,the landscape spatial pattern of the study area is studied,and a series of landscape pattern problems such as landscape connectivity,fragmentation degree and biodiversity are discussed;Third,the evaluation system of ecosystem service value function is used to evaluate the ecosystem service value of the whole and each small watershed in the region;Finally,according to the foregoing analysis and research,summed up the main problems of ecological landscape in the study area,the rural landscape protection based on the principle of combining the economic development within the region,from the ecological benefits,economic benefits,the optimal optimal optimal comprehensive benefits of three models of regional landscape structure was discussed and simulation optimization.The main results of the study are as follows:(1)The study of regional landscape consists of seven landscape types,which are residential and transportation land,cultivated land,garden land,water area,shrub grass,bare land and woodland.The main landscape types in the area is the woodland area of2081.55ha,accounting for about 83.06%of the area,the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest;followed by residential and traffic land and cultivated land,the area were192.55ha and 186.55ha,accounting for the entire area of 7.7%,7.6%,more arable land to dry land,paddy field is less;only 16.66ha,the construction is not enough;the waters only 1.98ha;overall,landscape pattern diversity level is relatively low,and a high degree of mosaic dominance.(2)The influence of topography on the composition and distribution of landscape elements is mainly manifested in elevation and slope.Effect of elevation on landscape elements in the performance of the following:250m region based land to woodland and residential and other types of traffic,the distribution of less residential type is mainly villas;low altitude area landscape type distribution of 250-400m is more abundant in forest land,residential and traffic land and farmland,the waters within the region;in the altitude region of 400-550m,the land is still dominant,other landscape elements decreased;the high altitude area of 550-700m,mainly for woodland and less residential and construction land,the other is less than 1%;in the high altitude regions above 700m,forest land continued to increase,reached the maximum.The influence of the slope of landscape elements shown in flat area 0-5 degrees to woodland and residential and traffic land and other landscape elements were distributed,the slope landscape is rich;the slope of 5-15 degrees is the largest proportion,the slope orchard,arable land and water area reaches the maximum value in the slope of 15-25 degrees;in the forest and dry land,distribution and other factors decreased;above 25 degrees steep slope and steep slope in the mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest and coniferous forest,farmland slope small,almost no other elements distribution.(3)The overall landscape pattern in the study area is obviously disturbed by the unreasonable development and utilization of some areas,and there are a series of landscape pattern problems,such as the decrease of landscape connectivity,the increase of fragmentation and the decrease of diversity level.From the perspective of watershed,due to the strong human interference in some small watershed areas,the connectivity between elements is relatively low,which makes the landscape as a whole fragmented,and then presents a certain fragmentation phenomenon,which is not conducive to the smooth flow of material exchange and all kinds of ecological flows.(4)The overall landscape dynamics of the research areas in 2007,2012 and 2017increased,especially in the 2012-2017 year landscape,and the land circulation was frequent.In various types of landscape,forest land has been in a dominant position,increase in the number of plaques,the overall landscape separation degree showed a downward trend,connectivity increased,the degree of landscape fragmentation decreased,while the cultivated land decreased firstly and then increased,but the overall area did not change significantly,the number of patches,patch density,edge density showed the increase in volatility,but its connectivity continues to decline,landscape division continued to rise,the fragmentation degree increased,reflecting the interference effect of farmland in the process of city;residential and construction land use change is more obvious,far higher than other types of landscape,manifested as increased volatility,especially during the past 2012-2013 years,Beibei District mountain trail construction so,the landscape types increased rapidly;the results of the study show that in this city in the process of natural water to a certain extent Protection.(5)In the process of urbanization,due to the implementation of the policy of returning farmland to forest and the development of fruit industry and rural tourism,the total value of land ecosystem services in the study area has decreased in the past2007-2017 years,and its total value has decreased by 1.76*10~6yuan.Of the small catchment,5 of the small catchment has higher ecological service function and higher benefit,and the ecological service function of small catchment in 2,6 and 10 is lower.(6)The main problems in the study area are:irrational development and construction of some land use,unreasonable layout of landscape space structure,concentrated residential area,improper treatment of domestic sewage and domestic waste,and lack of drainage facilities.According to a series of landscape ecological problems existing in the region,based on the perspective of landscape ecological security,the research area development goals are divided into three models:the best ecological benefits,the best economic benefits and the comprehensive benefits.Under the priority mode of ecological benefit,the proportion of arable land/woodland is0.029,and the proportion of cultivated land to woodland is 27.7 under the priority mode of economic benefit,and the proportion of arable land/woodland is 0.127 under the comprehensive benefit priority mode. |
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