Study On The Landscape Eco-gardening Techniques In Hangzhou Landscape Of Ming And Qing Dynasties

With the development of urbanization and the deterioration of the environment on which human beings depend,the sustainable development concept of "Sticking to the harmonious coexistence of man and nature" has been incorporated into the basic principle of sticking to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics after 2012.In response to the important policy of national sustainable development,the garden industry pays more and more attention to the construction of "Ecological Gardens".It constantly draws the essence of eco-gardening from traditional gardens and applies it to the construction of modern gardens to build ecological gardens with rich regional characteristics.In Ming and Qing Dynasties,Hangzhou gardens followed the ancient ecological thought of "harmony between man and nature",utilized natural landscapes according to local conditions,and strived for the harmony between gardens and external environment,so as to achieve the harmony between nature,earth and man,created artificial environment in limited space,and at the same time had the charm of natural landscape,which is a model in many gardens.Therefore,this study takes Hangzhou gardens in Ming and Qing Dynasties as the main research object,combs the development of Hangzhou gardens in Ming and Qing Dynasties through literature review and field research,and then analyzes the eco-gardening techniques used in gardening through the four garden elements of garden base site,garden water,garden architecture and garden plants.Then summarized the eco-gardening artistic conception of Hangzhou gardens in Ming and Qing Dynasties.The results are as follows:(1)By sorting out the political,economic and cultural environment of Hangzhou in Ming and Qing Dynasties,the development vein of Hangzhou landscape eco-gardening in Ming and Qing Dynasties was summarized: Trough period(Hongwu period,1368-1398),rebound period(Jianwen to Zhengde period,1398-1521),mature-tide period(Jiajingto Chongzhen period,1521-1643),late-mature-tide period(Shunzhi to Jiaqing period,1643 – 1820),decline period(Daoguang to Xuantong period,1820-1911).(2)Based on the analysis of regional environment,the eco-gardening techniques of the elements of Hangzhou gardens in Ming and Qing Dynasties were obtained.The eco-gardening methods of garden base site include collecting wind and getting water method,and adapting measures to local conditions method.The eco-gardening methods of garden water include water system interchange method,source living water method,natural form method and proper function method.The eco-gardening methods of garden architecture include local sampling method,climate adaptation method and blends with nature method.The eco-gardening methods of garden plants include plant selection method,suitable tree method,and seasonal enrichment method.(3)Through the analysis of the eco-gardening techniques of the elements of Hangzhou gardens in Ming and Qing Dynasties,the eco-gardening artistic conception of Hangzhou gardens in Ming and Qing Dynasties were summarized: appropriate location and proper garden construction;obtain raw material locally,economic and save;learning from nature,much in little;coincidentally through borrowing,combining nihility and reality;people-oriented,emotional in the scenery;harmony between man and nature,common prosperity of nature and man.