Research On Spatial Distribution Pattern Of Buildings Constructed In Nanjing During Republic Of China Period

Nanjing,one of the four ancient capitals of China,is a famous historical and cultural city.The constrcutions built in Republic of China Period occupy an important position in the history of modern architecture in China.It not only fully absorbed advanced western architectural style,but also inherited and developed traditional Chinese palatial architectural form,and showed the style and features of Chinese modern architecture.As one of the most famous cultural relics of capital plan,these constructions occupy an unparalleled position compared with other cities.Therefore,the research on the constrcutions built in Republic of China Period is of great significance to the study of the urban history of Nanjing and the study of modern Chinese history.Taking the constrcutions built in Republic of China Period as research target,this study collected research data aggregated by many scholars,went for fielded trips to supplement data.With reference of existing classification standard and actual situation of constructions,we established a classification system,database and information system for constrcutions built in Republic of China Period.Then,adapting space syntax,kernel density analysis,this paper analyzed temporal and spatial pattern,overall distribution pattern and characteristics of protection level of buildings both in1937 and modern times,compared with the capital plan and studied urban spatial morphology of Nanjing.The Research indicates:(1)From the timing pattern of view,during 1912-1926,under the influence of the treaty port of Shimonoseki and western industrial civilization,a large number of cultural and educational buildings were constructed along Shimonoseki Station,Shanghai Road,Zhujiang Road and Tai Ping Road,the number is 132 altogether.In 1927,national government confirmed Nanjing as capital and brought the heyday of urban construction and major changes to the city pattern.The number of buildings built in 1927--1937 was largest:altogether 532.Yihe Road residence area was the most intensive area.In addition,large number of political and military constrcutions existed along Zhongshan Road and Xikang Road.During 1912-1926,under the influence of Sino-Japanese War and the return of national government,buildings were mainly constructed along Beijing West Road,Beijing East Road and Zhongshan North Road,which brought little changes to city pattern.(2)From the spatial morphology characteristic of view,Yihe Road residence area was the most intensive area for constrcutions in 1937 and modern times.The correlation coefficient of building and road was 0.69.The correlation coefficient of building and road is 0.69.For the public buildings,government agencies,educational buildings the correlation coefficient were 0.61,0.73,0.59.For buildings of six different types,study showed that the direction of religious buildings presented lateral distribution,others exhibited northwest-southeast direction,approximately paralleled to the Zhongshan North Road.Government buildings,public buildings and others were consistent with the overall layout;while the distribution pattern of mansion villa,cultural and educational buildings as well as religious buildings were quite different with the overall pattern.(3)From the view of protection level,large number of constrcutions of high protection level distribute along the Zhongshan road,there were nine national security units,24 provincial-level security units falling in the 200m buffer zone of Zhongshan road,which accounted for 37.5%and 43.6%of the total,.In addition,constrcutions of the cultural and educational area as National Central University,Nanjing University and Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum,Linggu Temple were of high level of protection.(4)Implement of capital plan.Under the guidance of plan,Nanjing built Zhongshan Road,Zhongzheng Road,Central Road,Hanzhong Road,Zhonghua Road during 1927--1937,Xinjiekou became the center of the city road system.Residential and commercial construction were consistent with the capital plan,while the industrial zone and the central administrative buildings have not been implemented according to plan,which were results of the political,social,economic and many other factors.Construction of the above aspects changed and eventually formed the basic structure of modern Nanjing.